Term
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Definition
| Branch of science that deals with nutrients |
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Term
| What dictates food choice? |
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Definition
| Taste. Then ethnic heritage, social interaction, availability, habit, emotions, values, body weight and image, and nutrition or health. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins, Water |
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Term
| Which nutrients provide energy? How much? |
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Definition
Carbohydrates 4 kcal/g
Protein 4 kcal/g
Fat 4 kcal/g |
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Term
| Which nutrients are inorganic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nutrients are organic |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nutrient contains nitrogen |
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Definition
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Term
| how to calculate calories |
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Definition
| Multiply grams by appropriate kcal amount (4, 4, or 9) |
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Term
| How to calculate percentage |
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Definition
| Nutrient kcals divided by total kcals |
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Term
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Definition
Higher: more kcals per gram
Lower: fewer kcals per gram |
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Term
| What is the purpose of vitamins |
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Definition
Facilitate release of energy
13
Water and fat soluble |
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Term
| how many minerals are there |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Estimated Average Requirement
Average amount sufficient for 1/2 population |
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Term
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Definition
Recommended Dietary Allowances
98% of population |
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Term
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Definition
Adequate Intakes
Insufficient data available |
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Term
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Definition
| Tolerable upper intake leel |
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Term
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Definition
Estimated energy requirement
Healthy weight
No upper level |
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Term
| Macronutrient Distribution Range |
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Definition
Carbs 45%-65%
Fat 20%-35%
Protein 10%-35% |
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Term
| What are the 6 diet planning principles |
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Definition
Adequacy
Balance
KCaloric Control
Nutrient Density
Moderation
Variety |
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Term
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Definition
Dairy
Fruit
Grain
Oil
Protein
Vegtable |
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Term
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Definition
Do not require manufacturer to collect scientific evidence
Don't need FDA approval
Can't mention disease |
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Term
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Definition
Backed by science
FDA approved |
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Term
| What are the four things to remember to avoid foodborne illness |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it |
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Term
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Definition
Sterilizing a food by exposure to energy waves, similar to UV light and microwaves.
controls mold, sterilizes, controls insects, extends shelf life, desroys bacteria |
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Term
| How can you minimize nutrient loss |
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Definition
Refridgerate fruit to stop degradation of vitamins
Wash veggies before cutting
Steam or microwave veggies to keep water soluble vits |
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Term
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Definition
| We are at top of food chain so we get contaminants passed up to us |
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Term
| Environmental contaminants |
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Definition
Methylmercury
PBB (Polybrominated Biphenyls)
PCB |
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Term
| Three natural toxicants in food |
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Definition
Goitrogan: Veggies, gone with cooking
Cyanogens: Lima beens
Solamine: Narcotic, Potato peel |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the purposes of direct intentional food additives |
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Definition
| Preservation, Antimicrobial, Antioxidants, Color, Flavor, Sugar alternatives, Texture, Stability, Fortify, Food packages |
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Term
| What are some examples of bad antioxidants added to food |
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Definition
Sulfites destroy thiamine
BHA
BHT |
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Term
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Definition
Hormones: BGH. Doesn't enter meat
Antibiotics: Antibiotic resistance is a concern |
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Term
| Bio fortification examples |
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Definition
Modified:
Wheat with more zinc and iron
corn with lysine and tryptophan
Golden rice with beta-carotene (for Vit A deficiency) |
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Term
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Definition
Cows milk delivers vaccine
Eggs with drugs against sclerosis
Bananas and potatoes with vaccines |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which our body processes food for absorption |
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Term
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Definition
| Mouth, upper esophageal sphincter, Esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, Stomach, pyloric sphincter, SI Duodenum, SI Jejunum, SI Ileum, ileocecal valve, LI Ascending, LI Transverse, LI Descending, Rectum, Anus |
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Term
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Definition
peristaltic
Circular
Longitudina |
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Term
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Definition
Circular
Longitudinal
Diagonal
Release chyme 3X per minute |
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Term
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Definition
Segmentation
Contraction of circular muscles force absorption
Peristalsis moves it along tract |
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Term
| How much does our digestive system secrete per day? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of saliva? How much is secreted? |
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Definition
Moistens food
Digests carbohydrates
Protects teeth
1 liter/day |
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Term
| What is secreted by the stomach? |
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Definition
| Hydrochloric acid uncoils proteins and activates pepsinogen to pepsin to cleave proteins. Mucus proects gastric cells against pH of 2. |
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Term
| What is contained in pancreatic juice? |
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Definition
Enzymes: Lipase, Trypsin (protein, and breaks down carbs
Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes pH |
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Term
| What is the purpose of bile? |
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Definition
| Liver produces bile which is stored in gallbladder. Emulsifier NOT enzyme. Brings fats into suspension so enzymes can breakdown |
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Term
| Name the three main methods of absorption |
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Definition
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport |
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Term
| Gastrointestinal hormones |
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Definition
Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin: Acts of pancreas,liver and gallbladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone that is released from stomach walls when food enters. Stimulates stomach to release HCL acid. Once pH of 1.5 is reached gastrin stops |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone that is released from duodenum walls when chyme is present. |
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Term
| Function of Cholecystokinin |
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Definition
| Released by intestinal wall in response ot fat. Travels through blood to tell gallbladder to release bile. |
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