Term
|
Definition
| Smallest gland regulates sleep producing melatonin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowers blood sugar by helping cells take in glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases heart rate and energy during stress aka fight or flight hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates cell growth and repair especially during adolescence and child hood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Made from cholesterol
-Lipid soluble slipping right through cell membrane
- Binds to receptors inside the cell often in nucleus
- Directly influence gene expression
ex- cortisol and estrogen and testosterone |
|
|
Term
| Non-Steroid amino acid based hormones |
|
Definition
-Made from amino acids
- Water soluble cannot cross fatty cell membrane
-BINds to receptors on the outside of the target cell
Ex. insuline, adrenaline, and thyroid hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pea sized gland aka master gland in bone cavity Called sella turcica 2 parts anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| doesn't produce its own hormones stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces and releases hormones in response to signals from the hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Promotes body growth, especially in bones and muscles |
|
|
Term
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
|
Definition
| Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol |
|
|
Term
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
|
Definition
| Promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm production in testes |
|
|
Term
| Luteinizing hormone (LH): |
|
Definition
| Triggers ovulation in females and testosterone release in males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Located just above the pituitary gland in the brain
- Monitors the body’s internal environment (like hormone levels, temperature, and blood nutrients)
- Sends chemical signals called releasing hormones or inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary to control its activity
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A butterfly-shaped gland located just below the larynx (voice box), wrapped around the trachea (windpipe)
- Consists of two lobes connected by a central band of tissue called the isthmus
- Responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary
|
|
|
Term
| Thyroxine (T₄) and Triiodothyronine (T₃) |
|
Definition
- Increase the body’s metabolic rate, or how fast cells convert nutrients into energy
- Help regulate body temperature, energy levels, heart rate, and brain development (especially in infants)
- comes from thyroid gland
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Helps lower blood calcium levels by moving calcium into bones and reducing calcium absorption in the intestines and kidneys
- Works in opposition to parathyroid hormone
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Four small, round glands located on the posterior (back) surface of the thyroid gland
- Function independently from the thyroid
|
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
|
Definition
- Raises blood calcium levels by:
- Stimulating bone cells to release calcium
- Increasing calcium absorption in the intestines
- Reducing calcium loss in the urine
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The adrenal cortex makes steroid hormones that help regulate long-term processes in the body. It is controlled by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Helps the body respond to physical and emotional stress
- Increases blood glucose to supply energy
- Reduces inflammation and affects immune responses
|
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid) |
|
Definition
- Helps regulate blood pressure by controlling the balance of sodium and potassium in the kidneys
|
|
|
Term
| Androgens (small amounts of male sex hormones) |
|
Definition
- Support early development of male traits before puberty
- In both males and females, contribute to sex drive and body hair growth
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The adrenal medulla works like an emergency response system. It is part of the sympathetic nervous system and is activated during stress, fear, or excitement—what’s often called the “fight-or-flight” response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Located in the upper chest, just behind the sternum and between the lungs
- Most active during childhood and adolescence; shrinks and becomes mostly inactive in adulthood
- Part of both the endocrine system and the immune system
- Produces Thymosin
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Stimulates the development and maturation of T cells (a type of white blood cell)
- T cells play a key role in defending the body against infections and abnormal cells
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- A small, cone-shaped gland located deep in the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres
- Sometimes called the “third eye” because it responds to light signals received through the eyes
- produces melatonin
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Regulates the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm)
- Production increases in darkness and decreases in light
- Helps signal the body when it’s time to sleep
|
|
|
