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Central Neurotransmitters
Dr. Uray Nov 3 2008 lecture
17
Anatomy
Graduate
11/04/2008

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Term
3 categories of neurotransmitters
Definition
small signaling molecules
neuroactive peptides
unconventional transmitters
Term
define - Small signaling molecules
Definition
neurotransmitters synthesized at nerve terminals and stored in small clear vessicles
Term
name the 3 small signaling molecule neurotransmitters
Definition
Acetylcholine, Biogenic amines, amino acids
Term
name the 3 small signaling molecule neurotransmitters
Definition
Acetylcholine, Biogenic amines, amino acids
Term
Function of ACh?
Definition
motor neurons of spinal cord
preganglionic sym and parasym neurons
postganglionic parasym neurons
nucleus basalis(of meynert)
Term
Name the 3 kinds of Biogenic amine neurotransmitters.
Definition
Catecholamines
Serotonin
Histamine
Term
Function of dopamine?
Definition
substntia nigra
ventral tegmental area
control of movement affect
emotion and motivation
hypothalamus to pituitary gland regulate secretion of hormones
Term
Name the 3 catecholamines
Definition
Dopamine
epi
Norepe
Term
Function of Norepinephrine
Definition
postganglionic sym neurons
locus ceruleus
(reuptake blocked by cocaine)
Term
function of epinephrine
Definition
adrenal medulla
modulates endocrine and cardovascular responses
Term
Function of serotonin
Definition
raphe nuclei
regulate attention and some cognitive functions.
Implicated in depression
(LSD structurally related to serotonin)
(reuptake blocked by fluoxetine - prozac)
Term
Function of histamine
Definition
hypothalamuns
regulating behavioral arousal
Term
name the 4 amino acid neurotransmitters
Definition
Gamma aminobutyric acid GABA - principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
Glycine - major neurotransmitter ofinhibitory interneurons of spinal cord
Glutamate - most widely used excitatory transmitter in CNS. Neurotoxin in high concentrations.
Aspartate - widely distributed excitatory neurotransmitter
Term
define neuroactive peptide neurotransmitters
Definition
synthesized in the cell body and stored in large vesicles
release requires greater stimulation
removed more slowly
effect of long duration
Term
name the 7 families of neuroactive peptides
Definition
1) Opioid - opiocortins, enkephalins, dynorphin
2) Neurohypophyseal - vasopression, oxytocin, neurohypophysin
3) Tachykinins - sub P, bombesin, sub K
4) Secretins - secretin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, GHRF
5) Insulins - insulin, insulin-like growth factors I and II
6) Somatostatins - somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide
7) Gastrins - gastrin, cholecystokinin
Term
define unconventional neurotransmitters
Definition
do not fit definition of neurotransmitter by 5 criteria list, but influence neurons in specific ways
Term
Name the 2 categories of unconventional neurotransmitters and their sub-categories
Definition
i. Neuroactive gasses
1) NO-retrograde(schizophrenia)
2) CO-
ii. Growth factors - influence neuronal survival
1) Nerve growth factor - NGF
2) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor - BDNF
3)Neurotrophin-3 - NT-3
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