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A&P
Chapter 6 - Skin and its Appendages
120
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/04/2010

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Cards

Term
The Skin is part of the ________________ system.
Definition
Integumentary system
Term
Apeendiges of the Integumentary system include; ____, ______, ____ _______.
Definition
hair, nails, skin glands
Term
The layers of the skin include the _________ and the ______.
Definition
Epidermis and Dermis
Term
There is another layer called the ___________ which lies beneath dermis.
Definition
Hypodermis
Term
Epidermal Cell types include ____________, ___________, _______ cells and _________ cells.
Definition
Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, merkel cells, and Langerhans cells.
Term
Keratinocytes are ___% of the cells present and are the __________ ________ element of outer skin.
Definition
90% of cells present, principal structural element of outer skin
Term
Melanocytes are the _____________ cells (5% of the total) and filter __ ______.
Definition
pigment-producing, filter UV light
Term
Langerhans cells are __________ ________-presenting cells (APCs) and have a role in _________ response.
Definition
dendritic antigen-presenting cells, role in immune response
Term
Stratum germinativum is also known as the ________ layer.
Definition
growth layer
Term
Stratum basale is also known as the _________layer
Definition
base layer
Term
The stratum basale is made up of ______ ________ cells, and are ________.
Definition
simple columnar cells; mitotic
Term
Stratum spinosum is also known as the ______ layer.
Definition
spiny layer
Term
The stratum spinosum is __ to ___ layers thick.
Definition
8 to 10 layers
Term
In the stratum spinosum _________ pull cells into ______ shapes.
Definition
desmosomes pull cells into spiny shapes
Term
Stratum granulosum is also known as the ________ layer.
Definition
granular layer
Term
Keratohyalin granules are found in the ________ layer.
Definition
Granular
Term
In the stratum granulosum you will find high levels of __________ enzymes.
Definition
lysosomal enzymes
Term
Stratum lucidum is also known as the _____ layer
Definition
clear layer
Term
The stratum lucidum is filled with a ______ precursor called eleidin.
Definition
keratin
Term
Stratum corneum is also known as the _______ layer.
Definition
horny layer
Term
The stratum corneum is the ______ superficial.
Definition
Most
Term
In the stratum corneum has dead cells filled with _______.
Definition
keratin (barrier area)
Term
It takes about ___ days for a new skin layer to be made.
Definition
35
Term
The epidermis itself is made up of four to five layers. From the lower to upper epidermis, the layers are named: _______ ______, ________ ________, ________ __________, ______ ________.
Definition
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum
Term
Shortened turnover time equals a thicker ________ _______.
Definition
stratum corneum
Term
A thicker stratum corneum means that you will have a _____ ________.
Definition
callus formation
Term
Dermal-Epidermal Junction is found near the _________ ________.
Definition
Basement Membrane
Term
The basement membrane is made up of specialized ________ elements.
Definition
Fibrous
Term
A _____________ ___ “Glues” the epidermis to the dermis
Definition
polysaccharide gel
Term
The ________ ________ is a partial barrier to some cells and large molecules
Definition
basement membrane
Term
The dermis is the ____ _____, and is thicker then the epidermis.
Definition
“True skin”
Term
The dermis gives _______ to skin.
Definition
strength
Term
Reservoir area is filled with _____ and _________.
Definition
water and electrolytes
Term
Various structures of the dermis include: _________ _____ _______, _____ ________, ________ ________, _____ and _______ glands, and ______ ________.
Definition
Arrector pili muscles, hair follicles, Sensory receptors, Sweat and sebaceous glands, and Blood vessels.
Term
Rich vascular supply assists with __________ regulation.
Definition
temperature regulation
Term
The layers of the Dermis include the ______ and _______ layers.
Definition
Papillary and reticular
Term
The papillary layer has _______ ________ which project into epidermis.
Definition
dermal papillae
Term
The papillary layer has ____, __________, and ______ fibers.
Definition
fine, collagenous, and elastic fibers
Term
The dermal-epidermal junction is used for __________.
Definition
Fingerprints
Term
Reticular layer has _____, interlacing white _________ fibers, and _______ fibers.
Definition
dense, collagenous fibers and elastic fibers
Term
The dermal layer _______ continually shed and regenerate.
Definition
Does not continually shed and regenerate
Term
Wounds heal due to fibroblasts forming a …..
Definition
dense mass of new connective fibers
Term
Cleavage lines are formed by
Definition
collagenous fibers of reticular layer
Term
Cleavage lines are also known as _____ ______.
Definition
Langer’s lines
Term
The dermis forms connection between _____ and other ______.
Definition
skin and other structures
Term
The dermis is ____ part of the skin.
Definition
Not
Term
Skin Color is caused by _______.
Definition
melanin
Term
Skin color equals the quantity, type, and distribution of _______.
Definition
melanin
Term
There are two melanin types, ______ and ________.
Definition
Eumelanin and Pheomelanin.
Term
Eumelanin is a group of ___________ melanins.
Definition
Dark brown (almost black)
Term
Pheomelanin is a group of _______ and _______ melanins.
Definition
reddish and orange melanins
Term
Melanin is formed by ____________.
Definition
melanocytes
Term
___________ are packets of melanin.
Definition
melanosomes
Term
Melanosomes are ingested by _________ and form a _______ ____.
Definition
Keratinocytes, nuclear cap
Term
Melanocytes are affected by exposure to ___, also by hormones including ACTH
Definition
UV
Term
__________ is the congenital absence of melanin.
Definition
Albinism
Term
Beta carotene can cause a _______ pigments from food.
Definition
yellowish
Term
Hemoglobin with ______ _____.
Definition
Blood flow
Term
Cyanosis is a ______ color of deoxygenated hemoglobin.
Definition
bluish
Term
Skin offers protection with
Definition
Physical barrier, Reduces potential for mechanical trauma, Prevents dehydration, and Protects from excess UV exposure
Term
The physical barrier in skin assists in the protection from __________ and _______ _______.
Definition
Microorganisms and Chemical hazards
Term
Surface Film of skin offers _________.
Definition
Protection
Term
Sweat, oil, sloughed epithelial cells assist with….
Definition
Antibacterial, antifungal activity, Lubrication, Hydration of skin surface, Buffer of caustic irritants, and Blockade of toxic agents
Term
The skin is a sophisticated _____ organ
Definition
sense
Term
Somatic sensory receptors allow for….
Definition
pressure, touch, temperature, pain, and other general sensations
Term
Flexibility of skin
Definition
Permits change in body contours without injury
Term
The skin allows Excretion of…..
Definition
Water and Urea/ammonia/uric acid
Term
The skin allows for the production of …..
Definition
Hormone (Vita D) Production
Term
The Skin and Immunity: _________ cells destroy bacteria.
Definition
Phagocytic.
Term
__________ cells activate immune reaction with “helper T cells”
Definition
Langerhans
Term
The skin allows for Body Temperature ________
Definition
Homeostasis
Term
Heat production must equal _____ _____.
Definition
heat loss
Term
Heat production is the combined actions of
Definition
Body metabolism and Chief determinant.
Term
The chief determinat is the amount of _______ ______ being performed.
Definition
muscular work
Term
Heat loss occurs through the _____ and _______, _______, and _______ tracts.
Definition
Skin, respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts
Term
__% of heat loss is through the skin
Definition
80
Term
__% through respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts
Definition
20
Term
Evaporation
Definition
As water evaporates, absorbs heat from body
Term
Radiation
Definition
Indirect heat transfer to an object through air/environment
Term
Conduction
Definition
transfer of heat to an object/substance through direct contact
Term
Convection
Definition
transfer of heat away from a surface by movement of air
Term
Lanugo
Definition
Fine, soft hair coat present before birth
Term
Terminal hair
Definition
Coarse pubic and axillary hair at puberty
Term
Papilla
Definition
is a cluster of capillaries under germinal matrix
Term
Root
Definition
part of hair embedded in follicle in dermis
Term
Shaft
Definition
visible part of hair
Term
Medulla
Definition
inner core of hair
Term
Cortex
Definition
outer portion
Term
Nails
Definition
Epidermal cells converted to hard keratin
Term
Nail body
Definition
visible part
Term
Root
Definition
part in groove hidden by skin (cuticle)
Term
Lunula is the
Definition
moon-shaped white area nearest root
Term
Onycholysis is the
Definition
Separation of nail from nail bed
Term
The two types of skin sweat glands are..
Definition
Eccrine and apocrine
Term
Eccrine glands are the….
Definition
Most numerous, Wide distribution, Function throughout life, Secrete perspiration or sweat, and Eliminate wastes
Term
Apocrine glands have _______ distribution.
Definition
Limited
Term
Apocrine glands are located
Definition
axilla, areola of breast, and around anus
Term
Apocrine glands begin to function when?
Definition
Begin to function at puberty
Term
Secretion of apocrine glands are _____ in females with the _________ cycle.
Definition
Cyclic with menstrual cycle
Term
Sebaceous Glands secrete ______.
Definition
Sebum
Term
Sebum is an
Definition
oily substance
Term
Sebum keeps hair/skin
Definition
soft and pliant
Term
Sebum also prevents
Definition
prevents excessive water loss
Term
Sebaceous glands have _____ components components which aid in __________ activity.
Definition
Lipid, antifungal activiity
Term
Sebaceous glands are found everywhere in dermis except the ______ and ______.
Definition
palms and soles
Term
Secretion increases in adolescence and causes _______ and _______.
Definition
pimples and blackheads
Term
Ceruminous glands are modified _______ sweat glands.
Definition
apocrine
Term
Ceruminous glands are located in the…..
Definition
External ear canal
Term
Ceruminous glands have a mixed secretion. It is made of ________ and _______-_______.
Definition
sebaceous and ceruminous - cerumen (wax)
Term
Function of cerumen are to _____ from _______, and _____ _______.
Definition
protect from dehydration and excess secretion
Term
Children’s skin is smooth, unwrinkled, and characterized by _______ and _______.
Definition
Elasticity and flexibility.
Term
Childrens skin has ____ sweat glands.
Definition
few
Term
Childrend skin has ____ healing.
Definition
rapid
Term
As adults develop they activate ________ and _____ glands.
Definition
sebaceous and sweat glands
Term
Increased sweat production which causes _____ _____.
Definition
Body odor
Term
Increased sebum production which causes _____.
Definition
Acne.
Term
In old age the skin has decreased ________ and ______ gland activity.
Definition
sebaceous and sweat
Term
As you get older the body has a _________ ability to cool itself
Definition
Decreased
Term
Skin defines the ________ __________ of the body
Definition
internal environment
Term
Primary functions of the skin are _______ and _________.
Definition
support and protection
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