Term
Rhabdovirus
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes |
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Definition
Disease: rabies
Vector: infected animals esp. racoons, skunks, bats, and foxes
Incubation: 10 days - many years but typically 3-7 weeks
Clinical manifestation:
-Prodrome
~fever, malaise, nausea/vomit, skin sensitive to temp, pain at site of bite even after healing
-CNS phase
~paresthesia, hydrophobia, rage alternating with calm, seizures, paralysis, tenacious saliva, death
Diagnosis:
- skin biopsy of posterior neck looking for Abs (using DFA)
- Negri bodies in neurons
Treatment:
- wound debridement
- human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG)
- 4 doses of human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) |
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Term
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes
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Definition
Disease: human monocytic ehrlichiosis
Vector: tick bite
Incubation: --
Clinical manifestation:
- fever
- leukopenia (left shift)
- thrombocytopenia
- rash
Diagnosis:
- IFA, PCR
- rarely see morula on blood film of buffy coat
Treatment:
- doxcycline
Notes:
- obligate intracellular bacteria
- replicates in host cell vacuole |
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Term
Anaplasma phagocytophilium
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes |
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Definition
Disease: human granulocytic anaplasmosis
Vector: tick bite
Incubation: --
Clinical manifestation:
- fever
- leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia
Diagnosis:
- see morula on blood film of buffy coat
- IFA, PCR
Treatment: doxycycline
Notes:
- obligate intracellular bacteria which replicate while enclosed w/in vacuole |
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Term
Rickettsia rickettsii
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes |
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Definition
Disease: Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Vector: tick bite from dog, wood, and lone star ticks
Incubation: 1 week
Clinical manifestation:
- Macular rash starting on extremities and moving to torso
- rash starts blanching then becomes petechial
- other symptoms: vasculitis, fever, headache, myalgias, photophobia, nausea/vomit, confusion
Diagnosis:
- serology NOT USEFUL
- IFA or ELISA, need 4x rise
- DFA on rash biopsy (70% specific, 100% sensitive)
Treatment: doxycycline
Notes:
- looks like meningococcemia
- if unsure, give doxycycline w/ 3G cephalosporin
- replicates intracellularly in cytoplasm |
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Term
Rickettsia prowazeki
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes |
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Definition
Disease: Louse-borne typhus
Vector: body louse feces contaminating scratched areas
Incubation: 1 week
Clinical manifestations:
- rash beginning on torso then moving to extremities
- other Sx: vasculitis, fever, malaise, HA, stupor, coma
Treatment: doxycycline
Notes:
- obligate intracellular bacteria; replicates in cytoplasm of host endothelial cells |
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Term
Coxiella burnetii
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes |
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Definition
Disease: Q-fever
Vector:
- inhaled tick products
- clues = exposure to livestock, airborne barnyard dust, contaminated milk
Incubation: 3 weeks
Clinical manifestation:
- non-productive cough, hepatitis
- other Sx: vasculitis, rigors, HA, myalgias, endocarditis
Treatment: doxycycline
Notes:
- intracellular bacteria (not necessarily obligate)
- replicates in cytoplasm of fixed macrophages (liver, lungs) |
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Term
Francisella tularensis
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes |
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Definition
Disease: Tularemia
Vector: tick bite from dog, wood, lonestar ticks or direct contact with infected rabbit tissues
Incubation: 3-5 days
Clinical manifestations:
- usually sever, sudden onset of fever, chills, HA, myalgias, fatigue
- ulceroglandular variety has ulcer at site of tick bite & painful regional lymphadenopathy
Diagnosis:
- abnormal liver enzymes
- serum agglutinins (not detectable for 10-14 days)
Treatment: streptomycin/tetracycline; NOT penicillin
Notes:
- varieties: ulceroglandular, typhoidal, pneumonic based on point of entry
- hunters or hide processers get it more frequently |
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Term
Brucella melitensis (goats)
Brucella abortus (cattle)
Brucella suis (pigs)
Brucella canis (dog)
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes |
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Definition
Disease: brucellosis
Vector: reproductive tissue of ruminants; direct contact or ingestion of contaminated dairy products
Incubation: weeks
Clinical manifestation:
- undulant fever, depression, sciatica (sacroiliac tenderness)
- flu-like symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
Diagnosis:
- serology- be careful for false negative from prozone and false positive from cross-reactivity
Treatment:
- doxycycline and rifampin
Notes:
- multiplies in reticular endothelial system producing minute granulomas and abscesses
- common in vets and slaughterhouse workers |
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Term
Leptospira interrogans (spirochete)
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes |
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Definition
Disease: leptospirosis
Vector: food/drink contaminated with urine of dogs, cattle, pigs, rats
Clinical manifestation:
- Biphasic disease (mild/moderate): fever, chills, abd. pain, headache, conjunctivitis
- Weil's syndrome (severe): impaired renal and hepatic function, jaundice, conjunctivits, hemorrhagic pneumonia
Treatment: PCN or doxycycline |
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Term
Yersinia pestis (Gram + rod)
-disease
-vector
-clinical manifestation
-treatment
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Definition
Disease: bubonic plague
Vector: rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopsis)
Clinical manifestation:
- tender, swollen fluid-filled lymph nodes, endotoxic shock, high fever, severe myalgia, tachycardia
Treatment: aminoglycoside + doxycycline |
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Term
Pasteurella multocida
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
-disease
-vector
-incubation
-clinical manifestation
-diagnosis
-treatment
-notes |
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Definition
Disease: infections from dog and cat bites
Vector: dogs, cats
Clinical manifestations:
- cellulitis, deep soft tissue infections
Treatment: β-lactam + β-lactamase inhibitor
Notes:
- Pasteurella most common (esp cats); expect mixed infection |
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Term
Bartonella bacilliformis
Bartonella quintana
Bartonella henselae |
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Definition
Disease: bartonellosis
Vector: Sand flea from peru, lice, and cat-associated fleas (feces) respectively
Clinical manifestations:
- Oroya fever, Verruga peruana (B. bacilliformis)
- relapsing high fever, myalgias w/ focal shin pain, HA, splenomegaly, endocarditis (B. quintana)
- children and young adults; cat scratch papules; regional lymphadenopathy 1-7 weeks after scratch (B. henselae) |
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