Term
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Definition
groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function
the study of tissues and cells/microscopic anatomy |
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Term
| what are the 4 basic tissues and function |
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Definition
epithelial- covers and lines something also forms glands
connective - gives support/packing substance
muscle-help us move
nervous- controls our bodies |
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Term
| Epithelial tissue's special properties |
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Definition
1.cellularity (lot of packed cells)
2.specialized contacts (cells fit closely) held together by specialized adhesion on lateral wall called tight junctions or desmesomes
3.polarity - cells have a top and bottom; apical specilizations: microvili, cilia
4. connective tissue supports (epithelia rests on a layer of CT called basement membrane; basal lamina= helps support epithelium and act as a selective filter
5. avascular (no blood vessels) receives nutrients from underlying CT
6. regeneration (regenerates quickly) cells at basal layer undergo mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
cili (motile)
microville (increase surface area) |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue which supports all epithelia and is selective membrane |
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Term
| how do you classify epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
simple-single layer
stratified- more than on layer of cell
always classified by the surface layer of cells |
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Term
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Definition
one layer of cells
all rest on basement membrane
not all may reach apical surface |
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Term
simple squamos
simple cuboidal
simple columnar
psuedostratified |
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Definition
filtration
absorption
absorption
secretion |
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Term
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Definition
consists of single layer of cells, very thin
permeable/filtrate
(kidney tubules, alveoli in lungs) |
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Term
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Definition
cube shaped cells in a row
absorption
kidney tubules
ducts of glands |
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Term
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Definition
tall blocks in a row
absorption
digestive tract
bronchi in lungs |
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Term
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Definition
all cells rest on the basement membrane but not all reach the surface
not really stratified
trachea-respiratory epithelium + cilia found in trochlea and large bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
consists of 2 or more layers
not all touch the basement membrane, not all reach the apical surface
basal cells divide and push up surface cells as they're eliminated
main function is protection |
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Term
stratified squamos
stratified cuboidal/transitional
stratified columnar |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
protect
skin (keratinized) --> forms skin, prevents drying out
moist lining, like the outh (non-keratinzied) |
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Term
| transitional stratified cuboidal |
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Definition
stretches
urinary bladder and ureters
ducts in very large glands |
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Term
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Definition
rare
protect
surface cells are columnar basal cells are cuboidal
large ducts of glands, male urethra |
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Term
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Definition
endocrine- no ducts, into the blood
exocrine- ducts |
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Term
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Definition
connects things in the body also a packing substance surrounds every structure/organ in the body
~ specialized connective tissues
1. support the body
2. transports O2 and CO2 |
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Term
| were does CT derive from? |
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Definition
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Term
| structural elements of CT |
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Definition
1. cells (cites,blasts): synthesize matrix, maintain health of tissue
2. matrix (noncellular): ground substance- amorphous composed of glycoaminoglycans (GAGs) trap and hold water to alter viscosity of ground substance
within ground substance there are fibers that provide support |
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Term
| what are the 3 fibers found in CT |
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Definition
collagen- most abundant formed by protein collagen, are tough and found in tendon ligament and bone
elastin- made from protein elastin, stretch fibers; ligament arteries
reticular-thin collagen fiber, loose mesh; support of basement membrane and support internal structure like lymph node |
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Term
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Definition
areolar- most abundant packing substance has all 3 fibers but are loose
adipose- fat cell; stores nutrients and insulates the body; highly metabolic highly vascularized
reticular- network of ret. fiber; forms a skeleton like structure found in lymphatic tissue and spleen |
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Term
CT proper: dense- made mostly of fibers
2 types |
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Definition
regular- fibers run parallel to each other, very closely packed limited amount of tension, tendons and ligaments
irregular- fibers run in many directions; dermis of the skin; fibrous capsules covering of organs
where tension= exerted in many directions |
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Term
epithelial membrane
3 types |
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Definition
epithelium and underlying CT
cutaneous membrane- skin: keratinzied stratified squamous epithelium= underlying dermis= dense irreg CT
mucous membrane-mucosa: lines body cavities with epithelium opens to outside wet/moist membrane
serous membrane-serosa: covers organ and lines internal body cavities with epithelium |
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Term
visceral plura
parietal plura
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium |
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Definition
lungs (organ)
cavity of lungs (wall)
heart
cavity of heart |
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Term
| Specialized connective tissue (3) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
tough flexible structure, avascular (doesn't have blood supply), no nerve endings
made up of cells (chondrocytes)
matrix: ground substance (hyaluronic acid and chondroiton sulfate)
fibers: collagen or elastic |
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Term
| 3 subclasses of cartilage |
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Definition
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage |
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Term
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Definition
no collagen fibers visible
covers articular surfaces of bones
epiphyseal plates/growth plates |
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Term
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Definition
high amount of elastic fibers
external ear epiglottis |
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Term
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Definition
high amounts of collagen fibers
less chondrocytes more fibers
intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, menisci in knee, labrum of joints |
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Term
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Definition
cell: osteocyte
matrix: fibers are collagen
ground substance: inorganic salts of calcium and phosphate which give bone rigidity |
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Term
| what gives the bone it rigidity |
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Definition
| inorganic salts of calcium and phosphate |
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Term
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Definition
specialized CT
atypical CT does not support things
cells: blood cells
ground substance: plasma
fibers: soluble proteins only show up when clotting |
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Term
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Definition
responsible for movements outside and inside body
skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
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Term
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Definition
voluntary: striated appearance microscopically
the muscles of our body that make our bones move (also skin in the face) |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary, striated, found in the walls of heart |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary, no visible striations, found in the walls of organ |
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Term
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Definition
excitable, conducts impulses,
neuron- conducting impulse
supporting cells- nonconducting: glial and schwann cells |
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