Term
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Definition
| supoort, protection, movement, mineral storage (clacium and phosphate), blood cell fomration |
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Term
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Definition
| outer portion smooth continuous solid, dense, solid |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow irregular bars typically anterior and not as smooth |
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Term
classification of bone
shape |
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Definition
| long, short, flat, irregular |
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Term
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Definition
diaphysis- shaft
compact bone and medullary cavity
epiphysis- bulbous end of bones; compact bone surrounds spongy |
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Term
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Definition
articular cartilage-hyaline provides smooth surface
epiphyseal line- old growth plate |
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Term
| what are the membranes in the Long bones |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| outside covering; contains osteogenic cells |
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Term
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Definition
| inside lining (medullary cavity and spongy bone) also contains osteogenic cells) |
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Term
| What is the spongy bone called in flat bones |
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Definition
dipole which is between two thin plates of compact bone
have osteogenic cells |
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Term
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Definition
| red marrow- areas where blood formation occurs in adults this is generally within the trabecular cavities of select long bones and diploe of flat bones |
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Term
| infants, medullary cavity also containes red marrow but adulthood is reached it turns into fat which is yellow marrow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| osteon structural unit cylinder |
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Term
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Definition
| concentric layers that form osteon |
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Term
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Definition
| central canal of osteon...filled with blood vessles so bone is nourished in deepest portion |
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Term
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Definition
| transverse canals...bring blood supply from exterior of bone into interior |
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Term
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Definition
| mature bone cells, sit with in cavities called lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
| cavities containing osteocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| connect lacunae and haversian canal to allow exchage of nutrients and metabolic waste |
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Term
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Definition
| between osteons filler space |
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Term
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Definition
| encircle whole bone, outside osteon cluster, deep to periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
less ridgidly organized
trabeculae (little beam) arranged in a littcework aligned along lines of stress
NO OSTEONS, there are osteocytes
if you use a bone a lot trabeulae becomes thicker and denser |
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Term
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Definition
| stem cells mitotic, found in periosteum and endosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| bone forming cells, secrete bone matrix, mitotic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bone destroying cells/matrix and bone reabsorbing cell |
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Term
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Definition
| ground substance and fibers |
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Term
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Definition
osteoid? screted by osteoblasts?
proteoglycans- large protein and CHO
glycoproteins- smaller protein and CHO
hydroxyapatities- calcium phosphates...minerals when blood is reabsorbed are put back into the blood stream and used elsewhere |
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Term
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Definition
collagen; helical protein; low water content compared to cartilage
it's dense; still connective tissue |
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Term
| what is the function of compact bone periphery and spongy bone central |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of calcium phosphates in matrix |
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Definition
| calcium and phosphate stores; used for other cellular function |
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Term
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Definition
| break down bone for release of minerals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| osteogenic cells function |
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Definition
| build before dividing and differentiating into osteoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
space for blood cell development
blood developments more so in infants |
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Term
| Intramembranous ossification what is the precursor |
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Definition
| embryonic connective tissu called mesenchyme |
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Term
| intramembranous ossification (within membrane) what it the 1st step |
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Definition
| initial ossification center is formed by the osteoblast |
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Term
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Definition
secretion and calcification of osteoid
3rd...differentiation into woven bone
4th... further differentiation into lamellar bone, lamellar bone replaces woven bone |
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Term
Endochondral Ossification (within the cartilage)
What is the precursor tissue? |
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Definition
long bones
cartilage, osteoblasts form bone collar around cartilage |
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Term
Endochondral ossification
2nd
3rd
4th
5th |
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Definition
2nd...central cartilage CALCIFIES...cavities develop
3rd...periosteal bud invades= artery, vein, and nerve fibers. brings osteoclasts
4th..diaphysis elongates, medullary cavity forms due to osteclasts, secondary ossification begins at epiphyseal regions
5th...ephiphyses ossify leaving cartilage within the ephiphyseal plate and at the articular surface of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
cartilage growth followed by replacement of cartilage by bone
cartilage at distal end of epiphysis grows
cartilage of epiphyseal plate also grows
cartilage at epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone; osteoblasts multiply and secrete matrix on shaft side of epiphyseal plate
osteoblasts become osteocytes to maintain matrix
osteoclasts follow osteoblasts to carve out medullary cavity
epiphyseal plate becomes epiphyseal line |
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Term
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Definition
| for appositional growth (width of both) happens in flat bones, long bones. periosteal osteoblast lays down bone & secrete matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| found in anterior pituitary; causes liver to release SOMATOMEDINS |
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Term
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Definition
cartilage growth at epiphyseal plate
type of growth hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| works with growth hormone |
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Term
| androgenic and estrogenic steroids |
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Definition
| eiphyseal plate closure @ puberty |
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Term
Remodeling units occur to strengthen bone
osteoid seam |
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Definition
groups of osteoblasts and osteoclasts continuously synthesize and remove bone
osteoid seam is an area of new deposit
then the area calcifies, areas of reabsorption osteoclasts dig depressions to break down matrix osteoclasts digest the material whcih then becomes solubule and can be released into the bloodstream. osteoclasts remove dead osteocytes |
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Term
remodling
hormonal control
parathyroid hormone
calcitonin |
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Definition
parathyroid hormone- increase osteoclast activity; increase bone absorption...released when blood Ca2+ level is low
calcitonin- inhibit osteoclasts Ca 2+= high |
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Term
Response to mechanical stress
Wolff's law |
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Definition
bone grows and remodels in response to mechanical demand. muscle pull and load...where more bone nee, where bone placed
leads to asymmetrical limb thickness
increase thickness at curved areas
spongy bone trusses along line of compression help strengthen central portion
enhanced bony projections located at muscle attachments |
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