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Definition
| the attitude of a writer/narrator, usually implied, toward the subject or audience; the characteristic emotion that pervades a work or part of a work |
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Term
| Parallelism (aka parallel structure) |
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Definition
use of similar forms in writing for nouns, verbsm phrases, or thoughts
effects are numerous but frequently they act as an organizing force to attract reader's attention, add emphasis/organization, or simply provide a musical rhythm
Ex: Jane enjoys reading, writing, and skiing |
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| where a specific word, phrase, or structure is repeated several times, usually in close proximity, to emphasize a particular idea |
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| the means by which a writer creates his/her expression of meaning through the choice of diction, syntax, figurative language, detail, or other formal features of writing |
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| word choice an author makes |
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reasoning where conclusion's reached by stating general prilnciple and applying that principle to specific case
moving from general to specific |
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| a statement or argument based on "false or invalid reference" |
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| a reluctant acknowledgement or yielding |
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Definition
an argument against an idea, usuallly regarding philosophy, politics, religion
intended to establish truth of specific understanding and the falsity of contrary position. Polemics are mostly seen in arguments about very controversial
besides debate, the most common form of argument
unlike debate, a polemic is intended only to establish the truth of a point of view whle refuting the opposing point of view (just means they are not using reason) |
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Definition
| an argument attacking an individual's character rather than his/her position on an issue |
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Definition
reputation of the last word of a proceding clause; word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence
Ex: "Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering" |
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Definition
series WITHOUT conjunctions
Ex: (I came, I saw, I conquered) |
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Definition
| used for rhetorical effect; using more conjunctions that's necessary or natural |
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parallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure but also in length
Ex: "Many are called, but few are chosen." |
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Definition
mistaken substitution of one word for another word that sounds similar
Ex: "The doctor wrote a subscription." |
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Definition
use of humor to emphasize human weakness or imperfections in social institution
it aims to correct by exposure or ridicule, deviations from normal conduct, or reasonable opinion
this is a STYLE of writing
devices popular with this: wit, parody, caricature, hyperbole, understatement, sarcasm
Ex: Steven Colber, Kevin Heart |
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Term
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Definition
| harsh, cutting language or tone intended to ridicule; it involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something; it may use irony as a device but not all ironic statements are sarcastic |
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Definition
the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning
an incongruity between what is expected and what actually occurs
often used to create humor |
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Definition
person, place, or object which has meaning in itself but suggests other meanings as well
some symbols are conventional, generally meaning the same thing to ALL readers |
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Definition
repetition of words/phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences
Ex:"To raise a happy, healthful, and hopeful child, it takes a family; it takes teachers; it takes a clergy..." |
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Term
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Definition
statement in which two opposing ideas are balanced in parallel structure
the opposition of ideas
the direct opposite
Ex: "extremism in defense of liberty is no vise; moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue." |
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Definition
contradictory statement that contains some truth
Ex: War protestors who "fight for peace" |
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repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast
Ex: I know what I like, and I like what I know |
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using one part of an object to represent the entire object
Ex: referring to a car as "wheels" |
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Definition
a word usually a verb or adjective, is applied to 2 or more nouns without being repeated; often used for a comic effect
Ex: The theif took my wallet and the Fifth Avenue bus |
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Definition
substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it
Ex: "The White House" instead of "the president declared" |
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Definition
identifies things perceived through the senses (touch, smell, sight, hear, taste)
Ex: soft, stench, red, loud, bitter |
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| a logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable positon; misrepresenting then attacking an opponents position |
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Definition
| the implied or associative meaning of a word as opposed to the literal meaning of the word. May involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes |
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| comparison of two different things that are similar in some way |
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