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words 8th graders should know
september19,2008jl
24
English
7th Grade
09/19/2008

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Term
diversion
Definition
1. the act of diverting or turning aside, as from a course or purpose: a diversion of industry into the war effort.
2. a channel made to divert the flow of water from one course to another or to direct the flow of water draining from a piece of ground.
3. British. a detour on a highway or road.
4. distraction from business, care, etc.; recreation; amusement; a pastime: Movies are his favorite diversion.
5. Military. a feint intended to draw off attention from the point of main attack.
Term
assumption
Definition
1. something taken for granted; a supposition: a correct assumption.
2. the act of taking for granted or supposing.
3. the act of taking to or upon oneself.
4. the act of taking possession of something: the assumption of power.
5. arrogance; presumption.
6. the taking over of another's debts or obligations.
7. Ecclesiastical. a. (often initial capital letter) the bodily taking up into heaven of the Virgin Mary.
b. (initial capital letter) a feast commemorating this, celebrated on August 15
Term
beverage
Definition
1. Liquid for drinking; drink; -- usually applied to drink artificially prepared and of an agreeable flavor; as, an intoxicating beverage.

He knew no beverage but the flowing stream. --Thomson.

2. Specifically, a name applied to various kinds of drink.

3. A treat, or drink money. [Slang]
Term
shipment
Definition
1. an act or instance of shipping freight or cargo.
2. a quantity of freight or cargo shipped at one time.
3. something that is shipped.
Term
productively
Definition
1. having the power of producing; generative; creative: a productive effort.
2. producing readily or abundantly; fertile: a productive vineyard.
3. causing; bringing about (usually fol. by of): conditions productive of crime and sin.
4. Economics. producing or tending to produce goods and services having exchange value.
5. Grammar. (of derivational affixes or patterns) readily used in forming new words, as the suffix -ness.
6. (in language learning) of or pertaining to the language skills of speaking and writing (opposed to receptive).
Term
trivial
Definition
1. of very little importance or value; insignificant: Don't bother me with trivial matters.
2. commonplace; ordinary.
3. Biology. (of names of organisms) specific, as distinguished from generic.
4. Mathematics. a. noting a solution of an equation in which the value of every variable of the equation is equal to zero.
b. (of a theorem, proof, or the like) simple, transparent, or immediately evident.

5. Chemistry. (of names of chemical compounds) derived from the natural source, or of historic origin, and not according to the systematic nomenclature: Picric acid is the trivial name of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.
Term
optimism
Definition
1. a disposition or tendency to look on the more favorable side of events or conditions and to expect the most favorable outcome.
2. the belief that good ultimately predominates over evil in the world.
3. the belief that goodness pervades reality.
4. the doctrine that the existing world is the best of all possible worlds.
Term
presistence
Definition
1. the act or fact of persisting.
2. the quality of being persistent: You have persistence, I'll say that for you.
3. continued existence or occurrence: the persistence of smallpox.
4. the continuance of an effect after its cause is removed.
Term
disdainful
Definition
1. expressing extreme contempt [syn: contemptuous]
2. having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy; "some economists are disdainful of their colleagues in other social disciplines"; "haughty aristocrats"; "his lordly manners were offensive"; "walked with a prideful swagger"; "very sniffy about breaches of etiquette"; "his mother eyed my clothes with a supercilious air"; "a more swaggering mood than usual"- W.L.Shirer
Term
miscellaneous
Definition
1. consisting of members or elements of different kinds; of mixed character: a book of miscellaneous essays on American history.
2. having various qualities, aspects, or subjects: a miscellaneous discussion
Term
clearance
Definition
1. the act of clearing.
2. the distance between two objects; an amount of clear space: The bridge allowed a clearance of 37 feet at mean high water.
3. a formal authorization permitting access to classified information, documents, etc.
4. Also called clearance sale. the disposal of merchandise at reduced prices to make room for new goods: He bought the coat for half price at a clearance.
5. a clear space; a clearing: The house stood in a clearance among the trees.
6. Banking. an exchange of checks and other commercial paper drawn on members of a clearinghouse, usually effected at a daily meeting of the members.
7. Machinery. a space between two moving parts, left to avoid clashing or to permit relatively free motion.
8. the angle between a face of a cutting tool, as a lathe tool, and the work.
9. Nautical. a. the clearing of a ship at a port.
b. Also called clearance papers. the official papers certifying this.

10. Medicine/Medical. a test of the excretory function of the kidneys based on the volume of blood that is cleared of a specific substance per minute by renal excretion
Term
clarification
Definition
1. to make (an idea, statement, etc.) clear or intelligible; to free from ambiguity.
2. to remove solid matter from (a liquid); to make into a clear or pellucid liquid.
3. to free (the mind, intelligence, etc.) from confusion; revive: The short nap clarified his thoughts.
–verb (used without object) 4. to become clear, pure, or intelligible: The political situation clarified.
Term
petition
Definition
1. a formally drawn request, often bearing the names of a number of those making the request, that is addressed to a person or group of persons in authority or power, soliciting some favor, right, mercy, or other benefit: a petition for clemency; a petition for the repeal of an unfair law.
2. a request made for something desired, esp. a respectful or humble request, as to a superior or to one of those in authority; a supplication or prayer: a petition for aid; a petition to God for courage and strength.
3. something that is sought by request or entreaty: to receive one's full petition.
4. Law. an application for a court order or for some judicial action.
–verb (used with object) 5. to beg for or request (something).
6. to address a formal petition to (a sovereign, a legislative body, etc.): He received everything for which he had petitioned the king.
7. to ask by petition for (something).
–verb (used without object) 8. to present a petition.
9. to address or present a formal petition.
10. to request or solicit, as by a petition: to petition for redress of grievances.
Term
panoramic
Definition
1. an unobstructed and wide view of an extensive area in all directions.
2. an extended pictorial representation or a cyclorama of a landscape or other scene, often exhibited a part at a time and made to pass continuously before the spectators.
3. a building for exhibiting such a pictorial representation.
4. a continuously passing or changing scene or an unfolding of events: the panorama of Chinese history.
5. a comprehensive survey, as of a subject
Term
enamel
Definition
1. a glassy substance, usually opaque, applied by fusion to the surface of metal, pottery, etc., as an ornament or for protection.
2. enamelware.
3. any of various varnishes, paints, coatings, etc., drying to a hard, glossy finish.
4. any enamellike surface with a bright luster.
5. an artistic work executed in enamel.
6. Dentistry. the hard, glossy, calcareous covering of the crown of a tooth, containing only a slight amount of organic substance.
–verb (used with object) 7. to inlay or overlay with enamel.
8. to form an enamellike surface upon: to enamel cardboard.
9. to decorate as with enamel; variegate with colors
Term
compassionate
Definition
1. having or showing compassion: a compassionate person; a compassionate letter.
2. granted in an emergency: compassionate military leave granted to attend a funeral.
3. Obsolete. pitiable.
–verb (used with object) 4. to have compassion for; pity.
Term
acrobatic
Definition
1. of, pertaining to, or like an acrobat or acrobatics.
2. having the good balance, agility, and coordination of an acrobat.
Term
irresponsible
Definition
1. said, done, or characterized by a lack of a sense of responsibility: His refusal to work shows him to be completely irresponsible
Term
memorandum
Definition
1. a short note designating something to be remembered, esp. something to be done or acted upon in the future; reminder
Term
buoyancy
Definition
1. the power to float or rise in a fluid; relative lightness
Term
anatomy
Definition
1. the science dealing with the structure of animals and plants.
Term
vegetarian
Definition
1. a person who does not eat or does not believe in eating meat, fish, fowl, or, in some cases, any food derived from animals, as eggs or cheese, but subsists on vegetables, fruits, nuts, grain, etc
Term
dominanat
Definition
1. ruling, governing, or controlling; having or exerting authority or influence: dominant in the chain of command
Term
conscientious
Definition
1. controlled by or done according to conscience; scrupulous: a conscientious judge.
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