Term
| What are 4 causes of pelvic relaxation? |
|
Definition
-birth trauma
-chronic elevation of intra-abdominal pressure (chronic cough, heavy lifting, obesity)
-intrinsic weakness
-atrophy from aging or estrogen loss |
|
|
Term
| what is stress incontinence? what can cause it? |
|
Definition
brief episodes or small amounts of urine associated with coughing, sneezing, laughing
-usually when upright or sitting
-caused by cystocele or urethrocele
- |
|
|
Term
| What does the Q-tip test test for? |
|
Definition
| diagnoses urethral hypermobility (only dx stress incontinence) |
|
|
Term
| what is urge incontinence? what causes it? |
|
Definition
complete emptying or large amounts of urine
-may occur with hearing running water, with change in position, or with no event
-occurs in any position, even at night
-caused by loss of bladder inhibition and appropriate muscle contraction
-other sx: urgency, nocturne |
|
|
Term
| What do you need to rule out when considering urge incontinence? how is it diagnosed? |
|
Definition
neuromuscular cause
urodynamic studies |
|
|
Term
| what is overflow incontinence? |
|
Definition
small often continuous dribbling of small amounts of urine
at any time, any position, no precipitating event
-caused by: obstruction from organ prolapse, under active detrusor muscle
--sx: fullness, pressure, frequency |
|
|
Term
| what are three types of urinary testing? |
|
Definition
-culture: determine if sx are due to infection
-post-void residual: determine if urine is being retained in bladder after urination
-urodynamics: invasive testing to diagnose and quantify urinary incontinence |
|
|
Term
| what are three major risk factors for fecal incontinence? |
|
Definition
aging
vaginal parity
operative vaginal deliveries |
|
|
Term
| what are two reflexes used to test the external anal sphincter? |
|
Definition
bulbocavernous reflex
clitoral-anal reflex |
|
|
Term
| what is the most common bacterial culprit of UTIs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| colony counts >__________ for a single organism indicate infection in UTI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| urethritis is differentiated from UTI because the pain is at the _______ of urination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
advanced age
chronic renal disease
DM
immunodeficient
pregnant
recent UT instrumentation
Urologic abnormalities
repeat infections |
|
|
Term
| WHat are two common ABX for UTI? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| of macrobid, bactrim, and septra; which would be best to use in a pregnant patient? |
|
Definition
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