Details Title: Women in History 392 Description: Mid Term Visual IDs Total Flash Cards: 28 Created: 03/12/2009 12:05:28		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Women's & Gender Studies Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term {image:78316|center} Definition "Saddam in Drag" 2002 * Power Issues - Man dressing as a woman = ridicule - Woman dressing as man = empowering Term {image:78317|center} Definition "An Ill-Matched Couple" - 1750s - Patriarchal System - Marriage - Women rarely able to choose spouse - Used by upper class for wealth and social status; lower class used to progress family forward - Young Woman and Older Man - Woman's dowry Term {image:78318|center} Definition Andre Bouys, "La Recureuse" - 18th century - working as an indentured/domestic servant - earning dowry to make more desirable for marriage - usually orphans or widows Term {image:78319|center} Definition Jan Steen, "The Dissolute Household" - 1655 - Conservative critique of the failing household - If men do not control their wives, the household itself will be out of control - Common idea of the household as symbol for society. If the household is turned upside down, so will society. Term {image:78320|center} Definition Rousseau's Sophie - Late 18th century - Rousseau's ideal woman of nurturer, mother (breastfeeding) - "perfect" family dynamic, husband standing over woman, woman breastfeeding. - Nature setting --> natural roles and family image Term {image:78321|center} Definition Cesare Ripa's "Science as Woman" - 1618 - Up until the 18th century women were viewed as the muses of science - As in this picture, the woman is guiding man to the study of science - There were even many female scientists - However, at the turn of the 18th century science comes to be considered a masculine persuit - As symbols of nature, women become the OBJECT of science Term {image:78322|center} Definition Soemmerring's Female Skeleton - 1796 - Swaying body, large hips, smile - men and women are no longer seen as the same in science - woman's nature of a human being becomes molded by science - exaggeration of female differences - Science being used to justify and highlight sex differences Term {image:78323|center} Definition Madame Geoffrin's Salon, Paris - 1740s - Predessors of the French Revolution - Women in the public, political sphere - Madame Geoffrin hosted and included women along with men to discuss politics and critique society - atmosphere of criticism Term {image:78324|center} Definition "A Family of Sans Culottes Refreshing After the Fatigues of the Day" - 1792 - British Commentary/Satire on French society during the French Revolution - Women staged own riots, heavily involved in opposition to the government - Disorder within society and between the sexes Term {image:78325|center} Definition "Wigan Girl at Work and on Sunday" - Late 18th, Early 19th century - Industrial revolution --> no longer vast area of work exclusion, but women continue to do unskilled work and therefore easily exploited - One such job, coalmining - Contrast of female images, perversion of femininity - Jules Simon: "a woman who becomes a worker is no longer a woman." Term {image:78326|center} Definition "The Haunted Lady or The Ghost in the Looking Glass Madame la Modiste,” Punch - 1863 - exhausted working class woman who produced the dress worn by the upper class woman - emphasizes differences between classes - reinforces ideal of woman as the decorative object - but the Domestic Ideal shows woman as decorative object, but not extravagant in dress --> guilt for dressing so Term {image:78327|center} Definition "The Marriage Mart" - Mid 18th century - young couple who are disinterested; parents in the other room deciding marriage - Marriage not for love, desire out for children, but rather for property and money Term {image:78328|center} Definition "Poor Relief and Charity" - 19th century - Middle class women devote themselves to charitable acts - Especially helping the working class - "social duty and good works" - both protestant and jewish women, religion as foundation or motivation to do good Term {image:78329|center} Definition "The Dandy" aka Beau Brummel - 19th century -Tailored suits, walking stick, much more leisured, close fitting clothes - Elite or mid-class - Flaneur: strolls the city - Stands somewhat outside of midle class - Proposes alternative to middle class image - Viewed as a disruption to class - Viewed by others as an ambiguous sexuality Term {image:78330|center} Definition "Hannah Culwick as Slave" - 1850s - Lover of middle-class britishman, ARTHUR MUNBY - Transgressive Heterosexuality - Crossed race, gender, and class - Reaffirming and subverting roles - Paraded in public - Sex for passion and not reproduction Term {image:78331|center} Definition Cora Pearl - 19th century - Prostitutes object of male fantasy in 19th C - Prostitute, inbetween high class and working class - Working class woman - Used prostitution to climb social ladder - Able to dictate who and how much - Monetary independence - Producer, commodity, consumer Term {image:78332|center} Definition Sarah Baartmann, aka Hottentot Venus - Early 1800s - her inverted posterior made related to her race not health - captured and forced into circus in europe - constructed image of the body - hyper sexualized - gender used to reinforce hierarchy of race - gender and race made a spectacle - oriental, colonies viewed as female, passive, sexual Term {image:78333|center} Definition Pears’ Soap Ad: White Man’s Burden - “civilizing” colonies = white washing - teaching virtues of cleanliness - Late 19th C - Imperialism - “Civlilizing Mission” Term {image:78334|center} Definition Force Feeding Suffrages - 1900s - Symbolic rape of middle class women’s bodies - Militancy, physical action over vocal - Wanted to be seen as political prisoners, starved themselves, men didn’t want to be held responsible - Cat and Mouse act, legalizes hunger strike Term {image:78335|center} Definition Suffragette's Home - Early 20th century - Suffrage destroying middle class domesticity - upsetting natural order Term {image:78336|center} Definition The New Woman and the Old - 1890-1914 - Woman as spectacle - New woman does fit into society - Making fun of the woman and the men for being intrigued by her - Cult of Personality: pleasures and fulfillment Term {image:78337|center} Definition Colette in Drag - Early 1900s - Sidonie Gabrielle Colette - begins as a writer in Paris, starts career in Music Hall acting, wrote The Vagabond, an autobiography of fiction (overnight bestseller) - “emodiment of paradox” - individual pleasure, not a feminist - struggle between independence and domesticity Term {image:78338|center} Definition Emile Bayard, Buying Gloves at the Bon Marché - 1889 - Conspicuous consumer - Commerce, domesticity, and pleasure together - Bon Marche, 1869 first department store in Paris - Aristide Boucault - Middle class institution, spectacle, display - Women overwhelmed with all the things in the store - depicted in Emile Zola reading Term {image:78339|center} Definition The Nightingale Myth - 1854 - Went to Crimean War to nurse soldiers - Picture depicts her as a saint, nurturing - had an idealize image - but in reality was iron-willed, hard-working, had her own mind - uses this as a cover for subversive activity - manipulates and re-appropriates domestic ideal Term {image:78340|center} Definition Georges Sand - Mid 19th C - Cross-dresser, bohemian, excentuate her hips - in writing challenged male intelligences - Took on male pen name - Left husband, affair with Chopin, lesbian relationship - Perceived as a problem, unnatural Term {image:78341|center} Definition “Feminine Demands,” Le Grelot - 1896 - New Woman - The Bicycle, pants → masculine, playing male role of the family - leaves husband behind to take on domestic role - strips men of masculinity - bicycle as freedom, liberation - when house is turned upside → society turned upside down Term {image:78342|center} Definition Marguerite Durand Publicity Shot, Femina - 1910 - French actress, journalist and highly paid courtesan in Paris - Establishes her own feminist newspaper La Fronde - Image for running for municipal office, illegal at the time - Powerful stance over powerful animal, but illusion because of tamer seen in the background - Re-appropriated women as decorative object - uses sexuality and beauty to further her success/image Term {image:78343|center} Definition Sarah Bernhardt - acclaimed actress in Paris during 1920s, early 20th C - monopolizes on her image of beauty - endorsed own line of beauty products - gender as a performance, spectacle - played virtuous characters thereby challenging the idea of natural female virtue