Term
|
Definition
| ability to acquire knowledge, to think and reason effectively, and to deal adaptively with the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
studied fingerprinting, meteorology, use of prayer to control weather, family trees, hereditary genius
believed that some people had "inherited mental constitutions"
created his own measures of mental abilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
commissioned to develop a procedure for identifying "special needs" children
his test emphasized verbal content, rather than the sensory and perceptual skills favored by Galton
introduced concept of "mental age" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binet's test, revised and translated by Lewis Terman of Stanford University |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(mental age/chronological age) x 100
100 is regarded as average |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
expresses the individual's test performance in relation to an appropriate comparison group
100 is regarded as average |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
first group-administered intelligence tests
developed by Arthur Otis to screen military personnel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
developed different tests for different age groups
WAIS, WISC, WPPSI
include verbal and non-verbal material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure cognitive abilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed tests to eliminate racial discrimination based on intelligence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| studies effects of "stereotype threat"-- being judged based on age, sex, race, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most featured in school and IQ tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| knowing about the world close to you |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| understanding of own body |
|
|
Term
| interpersonal intelligence |
|
Definition
| understanding relationships |
|
|
Term
| intrapersonal intelligence |
|
Definition
| understanding of one's own emotional and mental self |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
studied limits of testing and practical intelligence
tested ability of subjects to map routes to locations, found no correlation between spatial and... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cattell and Horn; abilities needed in order to solve new problems; declines in adulthood; "cognitive horsepower"; primarily genetic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carroll; general intelligence contributes to all other intelligences; items closest to g are more closely related
[image]
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gardner
Linguistic
Mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Kinetic-body
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Naturalistic
Existential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Salovey and Mayer;
Perceiving
Using
Managing
Understanding
better at detecting deception
better at manipulating people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
individual differences in perceptual and cognitive processing of test items
borrows heavily from laboratory research on memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| statistical analysis of correlations between... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Six tests: vocabulary, analogies, synonyms, long devision, fractions, square roots
shaded areas represent two clusters (factors) of intelligence tests; all test correlations are positive and substantial in size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influences performance on all mental ability tasks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influences performance on specific tasks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cattell and Horn; information you know; continues to increase through adulthood |
|
|
Term
| Neural speed and intelligence |
|
Definition
| Arthur Jensen; recorded time for brain to react to visual stimuli; subjects with faster conduction speed had higher scores on an intelligence test |
|
|
Term
| Guilford's structure of intellect model |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sternberg; analytical, practical (adaptation to new environments), creative (ability to deal with novelty), metacomponents ( |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unwritten rules of the workplace |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Individual test
Used for diagnoses
not practical for quick, large-scale assessment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Individual test
Used for diagnoses
Verbal subtests: vocab, similarity, arithmetic, digit span, info, comprehension, letter-number sequencing
Performance subtests: picture completion, digit symbol-coding, block design, matrix reasoning, picture arrangement, symbol search, object assembly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
group test
not used to diagnoses, but for placement
alpha: for literate people
beta: for illiterate or foreign people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
group test
not used to diagnoses, but for placement
schools are starting to dispose of this as a form of evaluation |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) |
|
Definition
group test
not used to diagnoses, but for placement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stop a progressively harder test after a certain number of wrong answers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mild: low 50s-70s
moderate: mid 30s - 50s
severe: low 20s-30s
profound: below 20 or 25 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| range, standard deviation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
r
-1 to +1
+1 means perfect association between two variables
-1 means a perfect negative correlation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
psychometric standards
reproducibility or consistency of scores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appropriateness of inferences from scores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| administration, scoring, interpretation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intelligence tests correlate with high school grades |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| SAT scores predict college grades |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intelligence correlates with the level of socioeconomic status that people attain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a "rising curve" phenomenon, suggesting that much of the world's population is scoring progressively higher on IQ tests
IQ increase of 28 points since 1910 in the U.S.; similar in Great Britain
may be due to nutrition, more complex learning environments, or advances in technology |
|
|
Term
| Raven's Progressive Matrices Test |
|
Definition
visual "complete the series" problems
designed to be free of cultural bias; however it is not "culture free" |
|
|
Term
| Importance of intelligence |
|
Definition
| life outcome differences as a function of a 6 point IQ difference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the proportion of within-group differences in a characteristic that are attributable to genetic factors; ratio of genetic to total variability
variability among socioeconomic standards
H = diff g/diff total |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| environmental features experienced in common by two or more individuals in a setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| environmental features experienced uniquely by an individual in a setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
how the environment influences phenotypic expression of genetic factors
positive environment increases measured IQ, and vice versa |
|
|
Term
| genes' influence on the environment |
|
Definition
| genotype characteristics > influence parent-produced environment, responses evoked from others, and self-selection of compatible environments > environment in which the person develops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not supported by evidence |
|
|
Term
| knowledge and skill acquisition |
|
Definition
children of lower classes have a deficit in this
naming the letters of the alphabet, naming colors, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sternberg
1. Encoding
2. Rotation (locus of gender differences; sensitive to training; argues against a biological basis for differences)
3. Comparison
4. Response |
|
|
Term
| adaptive behavior deficits |
|
Definition
mental retardation
inability to communicate and get along with people, carry out everyday tasks, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IQ < 70 (-2 SDs)
Adaptive behavior deficits
Onset prior to age 18 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can calculate pi to 10,000 decimal places
fucking AMAZING
not much higher IQ than average |
|
|
