Term
| How many avian species inhabit the united states, and how many are endangered or threatened? |
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Definition
| Over 800 live here, with 67 being endangered or threatened |
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Term
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Definition
| To ensure the persistence of endangered birds, and to manage common birds so they do not become threatened. |
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Term
| What do the 40 trends for bird surveys show? |
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Definition
Hawaiian, ocean, grassland, and forest birds declining.
Wetland, wintering coastal birds, and waterfowl increasing due to wetland management |
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Term
| How many of the birds listed as endangered occur in hawaii, and how many have gone extinct there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of birds restricted to the ocean are declining? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is harming grassland birds? |
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Definition
| Intensification of agriculture |
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Term
| What is harming aridland birds? |
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Definition
| Unplanned urban development, energy development and exploration |
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Term
| What is harming forest birds? |
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Definition
| Unplanned urban development, unsustainable logginng, invasive species |
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Term
| What has been beneficial to wetland birds? |
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Definition
| North American Waterfowl Management Plan |
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Term
| What is peak breeding season for birds in southeast ohio? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can roads be mitigated mitigated for reptiles? |
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Definition
| Seasonal road closures and wide underpasses in low points along roads. |
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Term
| What is the most effective way to sample rare or secretive amphibians or reptiles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are examples of passive traps? |
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Definition
| Funnel traps, drift fences,pitfall traps |
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Term
| What produces the best assessment of the amphibian and reptile communities? |
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Definition
| A combination of funnel traps and large pitfalls |
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Term
| What is capture rate a function of? |
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Definition
| The density of animals in the sample area, and the activity level of those animals |
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Term
| What is the difference between active and passive traps? |
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Definition
| Active traps concentrate animals to make them easier to capture, passive captures animals. |
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Term
| What is harming Hawaiian birds? |
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Definition
| Invasive plants and exotic predators |
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Term
| What is harming seabirds? |
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Definition
| Pollution, over fishing, warming sea temperatures |
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Term
| What materials should be used for coverboards? |
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Definition
| Wooden for amphibians, metal for reptiles |
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Term
| What is an active trap that works well on gray treefrogs? |
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Definition
| Pvc pipes placed vertically. |
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Term
| What active traps are effective on salamanders? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What active traps are effective on frogs and toads? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is an advantage of active traps over passive? |
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Definition
| They can be monitored less frequently |
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Term
| What is an example of a time-constrained survey? |
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Definition
| Nocturnal stream surveying timed dipnet surveys of five minutes |
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Term
| What are capture methods that work on lizards? |
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Definition
Sherman live traps
Pitfall traps
Tube traps
Burlap bands on tree trunks
Squirt guns
Rubber bands |
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Term
| What capture methods work on turtles? |
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Definition
Bal chatri traps placed on basking sites
Fyke and trammel nets
Floating basking traps
Floating pitfall traps
Baited funnel traps
Legler™ hoop traps |
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Term
| What influence bird survey data? |
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Definition
| How visible/audible a species is, age and gender differences in species, reproductive strategy, Habitat, Time of day, Environmental noise, Observer |
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Term
| How many camera sites where in the Kelly and Hulub study? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Kelly and holub attract animals in front of their cameras? |
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Definition
| Using natural funnels that forced animals between 3 and 4 meters away from the cameras |
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Term
| What kinds of cameras did kelly and holub use? |
|
Definition
Active: Infrared tripwire
Passive: Heat/motion detector |
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Term
| How many trap nights did kelly and holub have? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What advantage did kelly and holub state that digital cameras had over film? |
|
Definition
| More accurate, more memory |
|
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Term
| what disadvantage did kelly and holub state digital cameras had? |
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Definition
| worse resolution, higher price |
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Term
| In kelly and holub, what were bobcats found to avoid? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are methods for sex determination in mammals? |
|
Definition
| Body size, antler/horns, color pattern, sexual organs |
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Term
| What Cervidae is an exception to the antler sex determination? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are methods of age determination in mammals? |
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Definition
| Teeth, reproductive organs |
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Term
| What are measurements that are recorded for mammals? |
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Definition
| Total length, tail length, hind foot length, ear length, ear length, tragus length(Bats), forearm length(bats) |
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Term
| What is species composition? |
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Definition
| List of species captured. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Total mammals, total by species |
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Term
|
Definition
| Numbers of individuals per unit area trapped? |
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Term
|
Definition
| traps sample an area equal to half the distance of consecutive trap spacing |
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|
Term
| How many squared feet per acre? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the formula to get area? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is species diversity? |
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Definition
| Combination of species richness and species evenness |
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Term
| Which covers more habitat types? Lines or grids? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are unique aspects of furbearer management? |
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Definition
Economics = pelts and carcasses can be sold.
Biological = furbearer biologists have expertise in a broad area of wildlife and ecology.
Bio-political = many furbearers cause conflict within wildlife management community.
Relatively new = slow development as a discipline in the wildlife profession. |
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Term
| What are population sampling techniques for furbearers? |
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Definition
Aerial surveys
Road kill surveys
Scent station surveys
Spotlight surveys
Public observations
Mark-recapture
Bow hunter observations |
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Term
| How are beavers surveyed? |
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Definition
| Helicopter surveys counting beaver lodges per square mile |
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Term
| What is are road kill surveys? |
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Definition
50 40-mile routes driven 3 times monthly
March and April
12,000 mi |
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Term
| What are ways of estimating harvest? |
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Definition
| Pelt registration, trader transaction reports, furtaker reports |
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|
Term
| How many pelts are harvested a year in north america? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many species are furbearers? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are threats to furbearer populations? |
|
Definition
Animal rights organizations
Habitat loss
Public intolerance
Disease |
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Term
|
Definition
Footholds
Long springs
Jump traps
Coil springs
Conibears (body gripping traps)
Live traps (cage traps)
Colony traps (muskrat)
Snares |
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