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| an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another |
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| a person who practices self-denial to achieve an understanding of ultimate reality |
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| a religious doctrine introduced in N. India in the 6th century BCE by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha or “Enlightened One” |
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| one of the 5 major divisions of India classes in ancient times; Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras, and Untouchables |
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| a set of rigid categories in ancient India that determined a person’s occupation an economic potential as well as his or her position in society, based partly on skin color |
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| part of the Chinese bureaucracy that made sure Gov officials were doing their jobs |
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| the system of political and ethical ideas formulated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius toward the end of the Zhou dynasty; it was intended to help restore order to a society that was in a state of confusion |
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| “way” the key to proper behavior under Confucianism |
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| a system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi; teaches that the will of Heaven is best followed through inaction so that nature is allowed to take its course |
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| in Hinduism, the divine law that rules karma; it requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society |
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| the duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family, a concept important in Confucianism |
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| the major Indian religious system, which had its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled in India after 1500 BCE |
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| in Hinduism, the force generated by a person’s actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life |
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| a popular philosophy developed in China toward the end of the Zhou dynasty, it proposes that human beings are evil by nature and can only be brought to the correct path by harsh laws. |
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| claim by Chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in the universe |
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| a seasonal wind pattern in S Asia that blows warm/moist air from the SE during the summer, bringing heavy rain, and cold/dry air from the NE during the winter |
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| in Buddhism, ultimate reality, the end of the self and the reunion with the Great World Soul |
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| a person who travels to a shrine or other holy place |
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| an Aryan leader or prince |
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| the rebirth of an individual’s soul in a different form after death |
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| the 1st system of the Aryans, developed around 1000 BCE |
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| a route between the Roman Empire and China, so called because silk was China’s most valuable product |
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| a method of training developed by the Hindus that is supposed to lead to oneness with God |
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