Details Title: wells' class Description: yeah, sucks Total Flash Cards: 75 Created: 11/04/2008 23:55:01		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Fine Art Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Thomas Brown Definition coined the term "spinal irritation" said vertebrae tenderness corresponded to diseased organ. Term Riadore Definition irritation of spinal nerves alters fx and structure. encouraged manipulation. Term Palmers hypotheses Definition 1. inflammation=result of any displacement. 2. luxation on bones causes disease 3. renwick adjusted; nervous system manages circulatory system 4. innate 5. vibratory theory added. "rack" bones to normal position; BOP!! Term who was renwick? Definition adjusted by dd, caused dd to hypothesize nervous controlled circulatory. Term langworthy, paxon, smith Definition wrote stuff before palmer. rejected BOP. suggested jt fixation. Term who coined subluxation? Definition langworthy. precursor of sdf. Term joy loban Definition meric system based on spinal nerves Term bj's 4 subluxation criteria: Definition 1. v misalignment 2. occlusion of foramen 3. nerve pressure 4. interference of mental impulse transmission Term bj thought which bones were subluxated? which caused pressure? Definition c1 and 2 Term co watkins Definition scientific research about chiro Term marcel and gellet and illi Definition revitalized no joint motion theory. strained capsule. Term illi Definition si work Term bj rejected __ Definition germ theory Term why is chiropractic a paradigm and who said it Definition coulter; some ignore the things that challenge palmerism Term what spot is the mediating variable in? Definition 2nd Term what is vsc phase 1? Definition inflammation/sdf Term leach Definition sdf=fixation sdf=mediating variable adjust=independent improvement in pain=dependent. Term what does sdf do according to leach? Definition decreased mobility, altered pressure threshold, taut muscle Term leach's signs of sdf Definition decreased rom, point tenderness, abnormal paraspinal contracture Term segmental facilitation= Definition decreased threshold for firing at a segment due to afferent bomardment associated with spinal lesionsr Term group I fibers Definition fast, myelinated thickly, big, not in skin, proprio/kinesthesia Term group II fibers Definition medium, thick myelin, fast, a-b in skin, proprio/mechanic Term group III Definition small, thin, slow, a-delta, mechanic/temp/nociception Term group IV Definition smallest, no myelin, slowest, C fibers, mechanic/temp/nociception and PAIN Term alpha motor neurons are: Definition myelinated, innervate force muscles, big, fast Term anatomy of joint capsule Definition outer fibers (collagen), inward: subsynovia (fat, blood, lymph), synovial intima Term which fibers respond to change in facets? what kind of changes are they? Definition chemical and mechanical 2, 3, 4 Term muscle receptors Definition Ia and Ib and II Term Ia Definition primary; respond to stretch, rate, and magnitude of change in length Term afferents to Ia muscle receptors? Definition I and II Term Ib Definition golgi tendon. muscle tension and decreased force. silent at rest. Term muscle stiffness= Definition change in tension/change in length Term II muscle receptor Definition secondary muscle spindles. respond to stretch and INHIBITED by contraction. Term II muscle receptor. what happens at impulse? Definition resting discharge increased Term motion segment= Definition vertebral body, ivd, ALL and PLL Term posterior muscle segment=? Definition sp, pedicle, lamina, facets, flavum, post. paraspinal Term theory I of facet dysfunction Definition due to ligament and capsule instability, foraminal encroachment, and synovial fold bends Term theory II of facet dysfunction Definition degenerative chane in joint and meniscal incarceration Term theory III of facet dysfunction Definition joint effusion w/capsular distention Term theory IV of facet dysfuntion Definition joint effusion with direct diffusion as cause of nerve root pain. Term theory V of facet dysfunction Definition joint adhesion Term theory VI of facet dysfunction Definition z-joint meniscoid w/important structures, possibly causing chronic SDF. Term effects of trapped meniscoid Definition 1. joint capsule tension (increased mechanoreceptor activity leads to increased nociception leads to decreased pain threshold) 2. capsular adhesion 3. biochemical alteration 4. degenerative changes Term describe capsular adhesion in effects of trapped meniscoid Definition secoindary to joint hypomobility; ct growth around joint Term describe biochemical alteration in effects of trapped meniscoid Definition GAG lost from cartilage and ligament of joint in question Term describe degenerative changes of effecs of trapped meniscoid Definition abnormal stress--> bone loss and increased hypomobility Term which cells affected in Korr's facilitated zone? What do they do? Definition ant and lat horn AND efferent pain become hypersensitive Term what do muscle spindles do to contraction Definition increase or decrease Term how does cns deal with lazy muscles? Definition muscle spindle adjusted during extrafusal contraction and adusts gamma motor neuron Term so cns is adjusting to muscle slack. then what? Definition gain is set too high-->spasm. Term in korr's model, the gain set too high leads to what two things Definition resist-->spasm, and golgi tendon organs inhibit alpha and gamma motor neurons Term in korr, is pop needed? Definition no. stretching muscle is all you need Term patterson-steinmetz Definition cord necessary for fixation but cerebellum isn't. it's caused by central or peripheral input to segments. hindleg flexion! Term in patterson-steinmetz, how do you prevent neural scarring? Definition don't wait to find fixation Term what did wells say was his conclusion of patterson-steinmetz? Definition confident chiro Term what did dvorak add? Definition inflammation. Term outline dvorak Definition slow-twitch fibers (postural) shorten in sdf from overuse. sdf increases sensory discharge via 1a alpha to contract same muscle; altered joint movement results. Term what are eicosanoids Definition pg and lt Term what does a2 do Definition vasoconstricts Term what competes with a2 Definition prostacyclin Term what does paf do Definition bronchioconstriction Term cytokines involved in? Definition homeostasis, cell cycle Term nitric oxide does.. Definition vasodilation Term substance p does Definition mood regulation, pain, nociception, stress, nausea, stimulates cell growth, vasodilates, reverses diabetes in mice. Term what kills proteoglycans? Definition inflammation Term what's Definition Term outline gatterman coe Definition histamine causes depletion of atp which makes muscle never reset decreased blood makes somato-somato resopnse which leads to more histamine and more sensitization self-perpetuating for joints and/or muscles Term minimal E hypothesis Definition Evans. fixation of joint and receptor tonus. minimum E used when spine is in equilibrium. Term punjabi. what are paraspinal m. in? Definition active subsystem Term what does multifidus affect Definition segmental stability Term what does lbp do Definition wastes multifidus Term upper x syndrome: tight Definition upper trap, levator scap, scalenes, subocciputal, extensors, internal shoulder rotators Term upper x: weak Definition neck flexors, mid and low trap, rhomboid Term lower x: tight Definition ql, hammies, gastroc, psoas, extensors, piriformis Term lower x: weak Definition ab, glut