Term
| Bond strength depends on four things: |
|
Definition
| temperature, pressure, bond angle, & environment |
|
|
Term
| Water has ________ bonds among _________ on one water molecule & the __________ on another water molecule |
|
Definition
| hydrogen; hydrogens; oxygen |
|
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Term
| each water molecule can bind up to _______ other water molecules, through partial charges of hydrogen bonding |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Water has a __________ bond between the ______ atom & the _________ atom |
|
Definition
| covalent; oxygen and hydrogen |
|
|
Term
| small localized __________ charge around the oxygen atom & a small localized _________ charge around the hydrogen atoms |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This uneven distribution of positive and negative charges classifies water as a_______ _________ __________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Water is a _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water Donates unpaired e- to ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Water can act as both what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H+ typically are responsible for increasing/decreasing pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OH- typically are responsible for __________ pH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| water is often in a _____________ equilibrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Intracellular fluid (ICF; fluid inside the cell)
- makes up ____% of body weight
- has a 11:1 ratio of __ to ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Extracellular fluid: (ECF; fluid outside the cells)
- makes up ___% of bodyweight.
- has a 14:1 ratio of __ to __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interstitial fluid (ISF) surrounds the cells but doesn’t _______ and makes up about ___ of the ECF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ makes up about ¼ of the ECF & circulates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is the main cation in plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is the main anion in plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| main anions in ICF are __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osmosis: type of diffusion of water through any barrier from a solution of ___ solute concentration to a solution of ____ solute concentration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An increase in ECF osmolality (ion concentration) leads to movement of water from the cells into the ECF, and ultimately to________ _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When ECF osmolality (ion concentration) decreases water moves______ the cell from the ECF. ______ soon follows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ECF hypertonic –____ ion concen-relative to cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ECF hypotonic –____ ion conc-relative to cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Regulation of water balance depends on: |
|
Definition
1) hypothalamic mechanisms controlling
thirst
2) ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
3) retention or excretion of water by the
kidneys
4) evaporative losses due to respiration &
perspiration |
|
|
Term
| The ________ play a vital role in maintaining the composition & volume of the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When circulating extracellular fluid decreases by ~10%, get thirsty & triggers __________ ______ __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypovolemic (low volume) thirst – your body is ________ from _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus |
|
Definition
Results from inability of renal tubular ADH osmoreceptors (in kidneys) to respond to ADH
Cannot respond to subtle changes in ECF osmolarity
Characterized by extreme thirst, high water intake
& inability to concentrate urine; these symptoms are similar to those observed in Diabetes Mellitus |
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