Term
| 1.Outline the main differences between procedural programming and object oriented programming. |
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Definition
Procedural programming: programs are broken down into procedures (eg functions) that operate on shared data.
- more linear approach with code generally running from top to bottom calling functions as necessary
-simpler approach - easier to learn
OOP: broken down into objects which encapsulate data and procedures
- looks for related groups of data + procedures that can be encapsulated together into abstract objects.
- more complex but can be more reusable and scaleable |
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Term
| 2.What does the concept of "encapsulation" refer to in object oriented programming? |
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Definition
combine data + procedures into a single object - core concept of OOP. Allows data to be hidden and protected, only accessible via the procedures of the object (its interface)
data (attributes) and related procedures (methods) |
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Term
| 3.Describe how a class and an object relate to one another. |
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Definition
class: blueprint of an object / data structure. this is what defines the attributes and methods.
object - instance of a class. values of attributes are unique to each object but all objects in the class implement the same methods |
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Term
| 4.Define the terms "constructor", "attribute" and "method" in relation to object oriented programming. |
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Definition
constructor: initialiser method. Called whenever an object of the class is created + gives its attributes initial values as necessary. Makes sure the object is ready to use.
attribute: data in an object 9within a class). Properties or fields in other languages.
method: procedures and functions used as the interface |
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Term
| 5.What is the difference between a private and a public attribute? |
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Definition
Private: only accessible internally
public - accessible externally.
Most attributes are private and most methods are public |
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Term
| 6.Why is it useful to have getter and setter methods rather than public attributes in a class? |
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Definition
Making them private gives you control over what values that can contain. Modifications must be made through a method you define (data type, range etc).
These methods to simply read or change an attribute - very common |
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Term
| 7.How do you make an attribute or method private (instead of public) in Python? |
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Definition
add two underscores to the start of the name
self.results #public
self.__results #private |
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Term
| 8.What does the "__str__" method do in a class in Python? |
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Definition
| represent or summarise the current state of an object as a string (used for debugging or presentation) |
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Term
| 9.How do the names of constructors differ between Python and other languages such as Java and C++? |
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Definition
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Term
| 10.What is Unified Modelling Language (UML)? |
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Definition
| set of diagram standards (visual language) made to assist in the design and representation of object oriented systems |
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Term
| 11.Draw a UML class diagram representing a "BankAccount" class (invent some attributes and methods). |
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Definition
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Term
| 12.Outline the process of Noun/Verb Analysis. |
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Definition
1. Gather written info about the problem domain
2. Identify nouns and verbs (potential classes and methods)
3. Refine the list to define appropriate classes and methods |
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Term
| 13.What properties should classes have that you define when designing an object oriented system? |
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Definition
- represent something recognisable in the problem domain
- have a small, well-defined set of responsibilities(methods)
- have high cohesion (methods focused/related to each other)
- have low coupling (low interdependency between classes) |
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