Term
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Definition
| A fallacy is an argument that uses poor reasoning. |
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Term
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Definition
| A false analogy is a faulty instance of the argument from analogy. |
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Term
| False cause (post hoc ergo propter hoc) |
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Definition
False Cause: the fallacy committed when an argument mistakenly attempt to establish a causal connection. There are two basic interrelated kinds.
Post hoc ergo propter hoc: (literally "after this, therefore because of this") the fallacy of arguing that one event was caused by another event merely because it occurred after that event. |
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Term
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Definition
| Correlation refers to any of a broad class of statistical relationships involving dependence |
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Term
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Definition
the act or process of causing something to happen or exist
: the relationship between an event or situation and a possible reason or cause |
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Term
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Definition
| is a logical device, but is usually known under its fallacious form in which a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any rational argument or demonstrable mechanism for the inevitability of the event in question. A slippery slope argument states that a relatively small first step leads to a chain of related events culminating in some significant effect, much like an object given a small push over the edge of a slope sliding all the way to the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| is committed when a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position |
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Term
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Definition
| This fallacy is committed when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is not large enough. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, by the very terms of the prophecy itself, due to positive feedback between belief and behavior. |
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Term
| False dilemma (either-or-fallacy) |
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Definition
| is a type of informal fallacy that involves a situation in which limited alternatives are considered, when in fact there is at least one additional option. |
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Term
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Definition
| means "assuming the conclusion (of an argument)", a type of circular reasoning. This is an informal fallacy where the conclusion that one is attempting to prove is included in the initial premises of an argument, often in an indirect way that conceals this fact. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to refer to something that misleads or distracts from the relevant or important issue.[1] It may be either a logical fallacy or a literary device that leads readers or characters towards a false conclusion. |
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Term
| Ad hominem (attacking the person) |
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Definition
| is a general category of fallacies in which a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of or the person presenting the claim or argument |
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Term
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Definition
| are phrases that denote philosophical norms. "Two wrongs make a right" is a fallacy of relevance, in which an allegation of wrongdoing is countered with a similar allegation |
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Term
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Definition
| When an arguer rejects another person's argument or claim because that person fails to practice what he or she preaches. Tu Quoque follows the pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| is a fallacious argument that concludes a proposition to be true because many or most people believe it. |
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Term
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Definition
| s a common fallacy in which a thesis is deemed correct on the basis that it correlates with some past or present tradition. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fallacy occurs when an arguer attempts to evoke feelings of pity or compassion, when such feelings are not logically relevant to the arguer's conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
The
presentation of ideas or
images in such a way as
to reveal certain ideas or
qualities and to conceal
others |
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Term
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Definition
A method
used to attract viewers by
presenting more exciting
stories over less-exciting but
perhaps more newsworthy
ones; the most bizarre, visually
interesting, or sensational
elements of these stories are
featured. |
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Term
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Definition
An excerpt
from a speech or report that
is presented as summarizing
but may actually distort the
sentiments of the speaker or
writer. |
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Term
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Definition
The deliberate or
unconscious use of camera
shots to influence audiences;
also, the use of a number
of techniques by journalists
and broadcasters to create
a particular impression of
reality. |
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Term
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Definition
A former U.S. policy by which
broadcasters must allow equal
airtime for all sides of an
issue. |
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Term
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Definition
The use of language,
particularly in politics and
public relations, to create a
biased, positive connotation
for ideas, events, or policies
that one favors, and a biased
negative impression about
ideas, events, or policies that
one dislikes. |
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Term
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Definition
The introductory
sentence of a news story that
is meant to give a reader the
essence or general meaning of
the story. |
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Term
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Definition
A term used
synonymously with the word
reporter to indicate that
reporters make strategic
choices that frame news
stories. |
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Term
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Definition
Weasel words
that create an appealing
claim or impression without
specifically defining a concrete
meaning for the words or
phrases used. |
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Term
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Definition
The practice of integrating
or embedding products in
films, television programs, and
other media in order to reach
consumers. |
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Term
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Definition
A principle that states that
our minds strive toward
congruence and completion
of information. If a message
strikes us as incomplete, we
will fill in the missing details
ourselves. |
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Term
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Definition
Using
photographic technology to
record exactly where a person
is looking as he or she is
interacting with some kind
of visual display in order to
create ads and websites that
attract a target audience. |
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Term
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Definition
Information meant to affect
people on an unconscious
level, some of which can
be detected with training
and some of which cannot
be detected with the
conscious mind, regardless of
training. The existence and
effectiveness of this latter
form of subliminal persuasion
remains under dispute |
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Term
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Definition
Using
technology to determine
consumers’ internal,
subconscious reactions to
products and brand names
in order to plan effective
marketing strategies. |
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