Term
| Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors |
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Definition
| prolong activity of cAMP (p. 500) -- caffeine, viagra |
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Term
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Definition
Proteins that regulate the activity of other proteins by phosphorylation (taking a phosphate group & sticking it on to something else);
3rd messenger (p. 14) |
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Term
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Definition
| taking a phosphate group & sticking it on to something else |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Voltage-gated & Ligand-gated;
usually large multimeric integral membrane proteins;
complex activation & regulation;
multiple conductance states;
filter selectivity can be regulated;
very rapid responses (< milliseconds) |
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Term
| Voltage-gated Ion Channel |
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Definition
controlled by electrical charge; recognizes charge
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Calcium;
change conformation in response to changes in membrane potential (close & open conformations);
--voltage-gated calcium channels are chiefly responsible for secretion of hormones & neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
Extracelluar ligand – drug targets:
- Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor -Acetylcholine
- TRPV1 - Capsaicin
Intracelluar ligand (chemical):
- CNG channel - cAMP
- TRPM5 - Intracellular calcium |
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Term
| Four Categories of Proteins |
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Definition
1 - cell surface receptors (GPCRs, ion channels)
2 - transporters & pumps
3 - enzymes
4 - kinases |
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Term
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Definition
GPCRs, ion channels;
- function as antennae to translate (filter) info on the outside of the cell to biologically meaningful info on the inside of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
move ions & molecules across membrane;
- maintenance of chemical gradients
- reuptake of neurotransmitters
- uptake of nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
molecular machines that convert starting materials (substrates) into new & useable products;
- highly specific protein catalysts (increasing rate of chemical reaction)
- Ex. adenylyl cyclase = enzyme in the plasma membrane that converts cytosolic ATP to cAMP |
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Term
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Definition
regulate the activity of other proteins throughout the cell by "phosphorylation"
- removing phosphate groups from ATP & attaching them to the protein
- proteins that regulate the activity of other proteins by phosphorylation
- Ex. cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA) |
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Term
| G-Protein Coupled Receptors |
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Definition
GPCRs;
can initiate a signal transduction cascade |
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Term
| Sodium Concentration (inside/outside cell) |
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Definition
outside cell = 145mM
inside cell = 10 mM
~equal but opposite to potassium |
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Term
| Potassium Concentration (inside/outside cell) |
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Definition
outside cell = 5 mM
inside cell = 140 mM
~equal but opposite to sodium |
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Term
| Calcium Concentration (inside/outside cell) |
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Definition
outside cell = 125 mM
inside cell = 10 mM |
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