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| Scientific study of human society and social behavior. |
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| Concept of understanding our own experiences by relating them to broader forces, what's going on in society. Connects personal troubles to social contact. Invented by C. Wright Mills. |
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| Five basic conceptsof sociology |
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| Social structure, social action, functional integration, power, and culture |
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| the patterns of social relationships in society that shape social action. Patterned social arrangements that come from people's action. Class stratification, institutions, the way norms shape behavior. |
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| Meaningful action. Action that is influenced by people’s understanding of the situations that confront them and their expectations about the consequences of their actions. |
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| interdependence among various parts of social institution. Parts rely on each other, are in sync. In the US, employers rely on educational system to pick workers. So, these systems are integrated to work. |
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| capacity of people to get others to do their will, or to ensure they will benefit from the actions of others. |
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| Language, norms, values, beliefs, expectations, understandings, knowledge, and symbols. These all work to hold society together. The glue of society. Also helps us make sense of the actions of others. People don’t share the same culture so they may be misinterpreted. |
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| What We Value in Sociology: Patterns, Objectivity |
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| Patterns are used to make generalizations about the nature of social phenomenon. Not interested in exceptions. Objectivity: two people using the same data should have similar outcome. |
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| Common sense vs sociology |
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| CS comes from culture, largely routed in personal experience, evolves through tradition. Soc is interested in patterns that represent large groups, also is informed by research. |
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| The way we interact, respond to, and influence one another. |
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| Developed philosophy of positivism- social behavior and events could be measured scientifically. |
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| Social and natural life have gone through a process of aggressive evolution. Controversial idea that inequality in a society is the outcome of natural selection. Supports racial arguments that status quo is how it should be. |
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| 2 major legacies: 1) economic determinism- idea that social interaction is based on and explained by the process of wealth production. Society is divided into two classes- capitalists and workers. 2) Dialectic- change is society occurs as a product of contradictions and conflicts between different parts of society. |
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| Studied why patterns are important. People saw suicide as a personal problem, he connected it to conditions in society. |
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| In order to understand people's behavior, we must understand meanings people contribute to their behavior. |
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| Contribution in community studies. Unlike Weber, he argued that sociologists should be activists for progressive change. |
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| scholars who stress studying how forces in society contribute to maintaining order. |
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| sociologists who stress the role that conflict and competition influence developing patterns of order. |
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| stress the role that every day interactions play in shaping of attitudes, behaviors, etc. |
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