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a mixture of water, rock, and soil moves rapidly downhill Mass - Movement [image] |
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rock and soil slide quickly down a slope Mass - Movement |
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rock and soil suddenly slip down a slope in one large mass Mass-Movement |
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an annoying person (haha) rock and soil move very slowly downhill Mass - Movement [image] |
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tiny groove in soil formed by runoff Erosion - Water |
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channel that carries runoff after a rainstorm Erosion - water |
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channel with water continually flowing down a slope Erosion - Water |
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a large stream Erosion - Water |
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a meander that has been cut off from a river Erosion - Water[image] |
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the area of land from which a river and its tributaries collect water Erosion - water |
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a wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range Erosion - water [image] |
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formed when sediments are deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake Erosion - water [image] |
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mixture of sediments a glacier deposits on the surface Erosion - Glacier/Ice |
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ridge formed at the edge of a glacier Erosion - Glacier/Ice |
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ridge at teh farthest point reached by a glacier Erosion - Glacier/Ice |
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small depression formed by a chunk of ice and filled with water Erosion - Glacier/Ice |
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bowl-shape hollow eroded by a glacier Erosion - Glacier/Ice [image] |
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sharp ridge separating two cirques Erosion - Glacier/Ice [image] |
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sea-filled valley cut by a glacier in a coastal region Erosion - Glacier/Ice |
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the solid layer of rock beneath the soil Soil |
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the grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity Mechanical Weathering[image] |
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the process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands Mechanical Weathering |
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| release of pressure (gravity) |
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this causes the outside of the rock to crack and flake off like the layers of an onion OR when rocks simply fall and break due to gravity Mechanical Weathering[image] |
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| root pry (growth of plants) |
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roots of trees enter cracks in rocks and force the cracks farther apart Mechanical Weathering |
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| Animal Actions (burrowing) |
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animals that burrow in the ground loosen and break apart rocks in the soil [image] |
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water dissolves the minerals in rocks, causing the rock to weather Chemical Weathering |
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rocks that contain iron mix with the oxygen in the air to form rust within the rock, causing it to weather Chemical Weathering |
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carbon dioxide in the air mixes with rainwater, creating carbonic acid (weak) that sinks down into the ground weathering the rock below Chemical Weathering |
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| Living Organisms (plant acids) |
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as plants grow, they produce weak acids that slowly dissolve rock around the roots. Chemical Weathering |
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Factories and cars give off sulfur (and other trace elements) which mix with water vapor, creating sulfuric acid (stronger) and rain down upon rocks, chemically weathering them. Chemical Weathering |
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| a material that is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it. |
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dark-colored organic material in the soil Soil |
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| rich fertile soil that is made up of equal parts of clay, sand, and silt |
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what bad people do (haha) the loose layer of dead plant leaves and stems on the surface of the soil |
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| the chemical and physical processes that break down rock at earth's surface |
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the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil |
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the layer of soil beneath the topsoil that contains mostly clay and other minerals B - horizon - forms last Soil |
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the mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals that form the crumbly topmost layer of the soil A horizon - forms after C, but before B Soil |
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a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it Soil |
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a cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the ceiling of a cave Chemical Weathering / Water Erosion[image] |
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a cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of a cave Chemical Weathering / Water Erosion |
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a type of landscape in rainy regions where tehre is limestone near the surface, characterized by caverns, sinkholes, and valleys. Erosion - Water |
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occurs where the agents of erosion lay down sediment |
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a looplike bend in the course of a river Erosion - Water [image] |
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