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| A layer of soil with properties different from layers above and below it. |
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| Decayed organic matter in the soil. |
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| The process by which natural forces break down rocks |
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| The process of wearing down by friction, the rubbing of one surface over another. |
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| The practice of planting different crops in the same field over one growing season. |
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| Soil horizons in different locations. Examples would be temperate and arctic soils. |
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| The breaking up of rocks by physical forces like ice wedging and plant root growth. |
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| A process in which layers or sheets of rock gradually break off. |
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| The breakdown of rocks by reactions that change the rock's makeup or composition. |
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| The expansion of desert conditions in places where the natural plant cover has been destroyed. |
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| Cracks in a sidewalk get bigger from water inside of them continually freezing and thawing. This process is called |
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| If you were to dig a shovel full of soil and separate its components, you would find that the soil is made mostly of |
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Definition
| weathered rock particles. |
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| Fertilizers used by farmers may harm the soil by |
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Definition
| supplying too many nutrients. |
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| This process is responsible for creating an orange coating over rocks like those of the hoodoos. |
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| Our soil profile here in PA is |
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| Tree roots may break up sidewalks. This is a mechanical weathering process known as |
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| The B horizon is a reddish color because it is made mostly of |
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| Rocks in streams are rounded due to a process called |
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| What are two ways that soil supports life? |
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Definition
plant growth
crops and food
purifies water |
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Term
| Contour plowing, strip cropping, and terracing are conservation methods designed to reduce the |
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T or F
In mechanical weathering, physical forces break rocks apart but do not change their composition. |
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| Chemical weathering would not be possible without this. |
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| It may take this many years for a soil profile to become mature. |
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| These, in the soil, convert nitrogen to a form that plants can use. |
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| These two properties of soil determine how well water will flow through it. |
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| This horizon is made of mostly unweathered rock particles. |
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T or F
Ice wedging is a powerful enough force to break up huge rocks. |
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| This gas (in the air) is responsible for acid rain. |
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| These compounds cause rocks to rust. |
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T or F
Plants, animals, and microorganisms all affect the soil. |
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