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weathering and soil formation
Chapter 7 Key Terms
23
Science
7th Grade
12/05/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surface.
Term
erosion
Definition
the movenment of particles by wind, water, ice, and gravity.
Term
mechanical weathering
Definition
the type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
Term
abrasion
Definition
refers to the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice wind, or gravity.
Term
ice wedging
Definition
the process of wedges of ice in rocks widen and deeping cracks.
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
Term
permeable
Definition
that the material is full tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it.
Term
soil
Definition
the loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.
Term
beadrock
Definition
the solid layer of rock, beneath the soil.
Term
Humus
Definition
a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay.
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals.
Term
subsoil
Definition
consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon but little humus.
Term
litter
Definition
as plants shed leaves, they form a loose leyer.
Term
decomposers
Definition
the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals.
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil-kept the soil in place abd held onto moisture.
Term
renewable resource
Definition
one that is naturally replaced in a relativity stort time.
Term
dust bowl
Definition
the area of the Great Plains where wind erosion caused soil loss during the 1930s.
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the management of soil to prevent is destruction.
Term
countour plowing
Definition
the practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope.
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible.
Term
Factors that cause mechanical weathering
Definition
release of pressure of pressure; freezing and thawing; plant of growth; abrasion; and animal actions
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