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weathering and soil formation
Chapter 7
22
Science
7th Grade
12/05/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth's surface.
Term
Erosion
Definition
is the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice or gravity.
Term
Mechanical weathering or Physical weathering
Definition
the type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
Term
abrasion
Definition
refers to the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
ice wedging
Definition
wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks
Term
Chemical weathering
Definition
is the process that breaks down rock though chemical changes
Term
permeable
Definition
means that a matierial is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allowwater to seep through it
Term
Soil
Definition
is loose weathered material on earth's surface in which plants can grow
Term
bedrock
Definition
us the solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
humus
Definition
is a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay,sand,and silt
Term
soil horizon
Definition
is the layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crumbly,dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus,clay and and other minerals
Term
subsoil
Definition
usually consits of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon but little humus
Term
litter
Definition
as plants shed leaves, they form a loose layer
Term
decomposers
Definition
are the organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil
Term
renewable resource
Definition
is one thatis naturally replaced in a relativly short time
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
was an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930s
Term
soil conservation
Definition
is the management of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
contour plowing
Definition
is the practice of plowing fields along curves of a slope
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible
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