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weathering and soil formation
chapter7 keyterms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
the chemical and physical processes that break down rock at earth's surfaces
Term
erosion
Definition
the process by wich water,ice,wind, or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.
Term
mechanical weathering
Definition
rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
Term
abrasion
Definition
the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
ice wedging
Definition
wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Term
pereamble
Definition
a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it
Term
soil
Definition
loose, weathered material on earths surface where plants can grow
Term
bedrock
Definition
the soiled layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
humus
Definition
dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of clay, sand,, and slit
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
topsoil
Definition
the A horizon crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals
Term
subsoil
Definition
the B horizon usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus
Term
litter
Definition
the loose layer as plants shed leaves
Term
decomposers
Definition
organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Term
sod
Definition
thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil keeps the soil in place and holds onto moisture
Term
renewable resources
Definition
one that is naturally replaced in relatively short time
Term
dust bowl
Definition
an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930's
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the managment of soil to prevent its destruction
Term
contour plowing
Definition
the practice of plowing the fields along the curves of a slope
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
plowing the soil and plant cover as little as possible
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