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Weathering and Soil Formation
Key Terms
22
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
Weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock and other sudstances at Earth's surface
Term
erosion
Definition
the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity
Term
mechanical weathering or physical weathering
Definition
the type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces
Term
abrasion
Definition
the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
ice wedging
Definition
the process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
Term
permeable
Definition
means that a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it
Term
soil
Definition
loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants grow
Term
bedrock
Definition
the solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
humus
Definition
dark-colored organic material in the soil
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crumy, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other materials
Term
subsoil
Definition
consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus
Term
litter
Definition
as plants shed leaves, they form a loose layer
Term
decomposers
Definition
the organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil
Term
renewable resource
Definition
A resource that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
was an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930s
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the management of soil to prevent ots destruction
Term
contour plowing
Definition
the practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope.
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible
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