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Weathering and Soil formation
chapter 7 keyterms
26
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
Weathering
Definition
The process that breaks down rock and other substances at earths surface.
Term
Erosion
Definition
The movemant of rock particles cy wind, water, ice, or gravity.
Term
Mechanical weathering
"phisical"
Definition
The type of weathering in which rock is phisically broken into smaller pieces
By freezing and thawing, release of pressure, growth of plants, and actions of animals.
Term
abrasion
Definition
the grinding away of rock by rock particals carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
ice wedging
Definition
wedging of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks
Term
Chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rocks through chemical changes
Term
permeable
Definition
a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it
Term
soil
Definition
the loose, weathered material on earths surjace in which plants can grow
Term
bedrock
Definition
the solid layer of rock beneath the soil
Term
humus
Definition
a kark-colored substance thatforms as plant and animal remains decay.
Term
loam
Definition
Soil that is made up of amout equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
Term
soil horizon
Definition
A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it
Term
topsoil
Definition
a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals
Term
subsoil
Definition
usually consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus
Term
litter
Definition
As plants shed leaves, they form a loose layer
Term
decomposers
Definition
The organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil.
Term
renewable resource
Definition
a resource that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time.
Term
Dust Bowl
Definition
An area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930's.
Term
Soil conservation
Definition
the managment of soil to prevent its destruction.
Term
contour plowing
Definition
The practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope. This helps the runoff of excessrainfall and prevents it from washing away.
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
a way to disturb the soil and its plany cover as little as possible.
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