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Definition
| the process that breaks down rock and other substances at earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity |
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| Mechanical/Physical Weathering |
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Definition
| the type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces |
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Definition
| the grindingaway of rock by rock particlescarried by water, ice, wind, or gravity |
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Definition
| water seeps into the cracks of rocks, freezes-widening the cracks-melts, and the cycle starts over eventually breaking the rock |
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Definition
| the process that breaksdown rock through chemical changes |
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Definition
| means that a material is ful of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it |
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Definition
| the loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow |
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Definition
| the solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
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Definition
| a dark-colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay |
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Definition
| soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt |
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Definition
| a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it |
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Definition
| a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals in the A horizon |
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Definition
| consists of clay and other particles washed down from the A horizon, but little humus-B horizon |
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Definition
| a loose layer that plants contribute by sheding leaves,contains most of the organic remains that form humus |
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Definition
| the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals |
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Definition
| the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil |
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Definition
| a resourse that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time |
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Definition
| an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil during the 1930's |
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Term
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Definition
| the management of soil to prevent its destruction |
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Definition
| the practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope |
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Definition
| it disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible |
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Term
| 4-1. What factors cause mechanical weathering? |
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Definition
| freezing and thawing, release of pressure, growth of plants, and actions of animals |
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Term
| 4-2. Describe three causes of chemical weathering. |
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Definition
| Water dissolves rock, oxygen rusts rock, and carbon dioxide in rainwater creates carbonic acidthat dissolves rock |
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| 4-3. What factors effect the rate of weathering? |
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Definition
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| 4-4. Explain why chemical weathering occursfaster in hot, wet climates than in cool, dry climats. |
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Definition
| Chemical reactions occur faster at higher temperatures. That is why chemical weathering occurs more quickly where the climate is both hot and wet. |
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| 2-1. What role does weathering play in the formation of soil? |
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Definition
| soil forms as rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other materials on the surface. |
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| 2-2. What are the different materials that make up soil? |
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Definition
| Soil is a mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water. |
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| 2-3. How do plants and animals affect the formation and composition of soil? |
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Definition
| Some soil organisms mix the soil and make spaces in it for air and water. Other soil organisms make humus, the material that makes soil fertile. |
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