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Definition
| the process that breaks down rock and other substances at earths surfaces |
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| the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity |
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| The type of weathering in whick rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces |
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| the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or, gravity |
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| The wedging of ice in rocks which widen and deepen cracks |
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| the process of breaking down rocks through chemical changes |
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| a rock that is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it |
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| the loose, weathered material on earths surface in which plants can grow |
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| the solid layer of rock beneath earths surface |
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| a dark colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay |
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| soil that is made up of eqaul parts of sand, clay, and silt |
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| a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above and below it |
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| s crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and other minerals |
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| consists of clay and other particles washed down from the topsoil but little humus |
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| when plants die and fall to the ground and their plant shed leaves it forms a loose layer called litter |
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| the organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them using chemicals |
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| the thick mass of roots at the surface of the soil |
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Definition
| a resource that naturally replaces itself in a short time |
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Definition
| the management of soil to prevent its destruction |
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Definition
| the practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope |
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Definition
| an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsoil in the 1930's |
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| disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible |
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Term
| 1-1.What factors cause mechanical weathering? |
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Definition
| Ice wedging, release of pressure, growth of plants, and actions of animals |
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| 1-2.Describe three factors of chemical weathering. |
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Definition
| Water eroding them, living organisms like fungi, and acid rain dissolving them |
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| 1-3.What factors affect the rate of weathering? |
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Definition
| The type of rock, and the climate. |
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| 1-4.Explain why chemical weathering occurs faster in hot,wet climates than in cool,dry climates. |
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Definition
| Because the heat dries out the rock and the water dissolves the rock. |
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| 2-1.What role does weathering play in the formation of soil? |
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Definition
| Weathering turns the rock into soil. |
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| 2-2.What are the different materials that make up soil? |
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Definition
| Soil is composed of a mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water. |
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| 2-3. How do plants and animals affect the formation and composition of soil? |
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Definition
| Some soil organisms mix the soil and make spaces in it for air and water. Other soil organisms make humus, the material that makes soil fertile. |
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| 2-4.How do forest soils differ from prairie soils? |
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Definition
| Forest soils need to have a wet climate to form and have little humus where as prairie soils need dry climates and have lots of humus. |
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| 3-1.Explain the importance of soil as one of earths resources. |
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Definition
| Soil is one of the Earths most valuable most valuable resources because everything thst lives on land depends on soil whether directly or indirectly. |
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Term
| 3-2.How did settlers on the great plains help create the Dust Bowl? |
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Definition
| Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains exposing the soil. In times of drought, the topsoil quickly dried out, turned to dust, and blew away. |
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Term
| 3-3.What are some techniques that farmers use to conserve soil. |
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Definition
| They can either use contour plowing or conservation plowing. |
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