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Weathering and Soil Formation
Chapter 7
24
Science
7th Grade
12/04/2006

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Term
weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock and other substances at earths surface
Term
erosion
Definition
the movement of rock particles by wind, water, ice, or gravity
Term
machanical weathering
Definition
the type of weathering in which rock is phisicallt broken down into smaller pieces
Term
abrasion
Definition
the grinding away of rock by rock particles carried by water, ice, wind, or gravity
Term
ice wedging
Definition
when wedges of ice in rocks widen and deepen cracks
Term
chemical weathering
Definition
the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
Term
permeable
Definition
a material is full of tiny, connected air spaces that allow water to seep through it.
Term
soil
Definition
the loose, weathered material on earth's surface in which plants can grow.
Term
bedrock
Definition
the solid layer of rok beneath the soil.
Term
humus
Definition
a dark colored substance that forms as plant and animal remains decay.
Term
loam
Definition
soil that is made of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt.
Term
soil horizon
Definition
a layer of soil that differs in color and texture ffrom the layers above or below it.
Term
topsiol
Definition
a crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay,nd other minerals
Term
subsoil
Definition
usually consits of lay and other particals washe down from the a horizon, little humus.
Term
litter
Definition
loose layer
Term
decomposers
Definition
the organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller peices and digest them with chemicals.
Term
sod
Definition
the thick mass of tough roots at the surface of the soil.
Term
renewable resource
Definition
one that is naturally replaced in a relatively short time.
Term
dust bowl
Definition
an area where wind erosion caused severe loss of topsiol during the 1930's.
Term
soil conservation
Definition
the management of soil to prevent its destruction.
Term
contour plowing
Definition
the practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope.
Term
conservation plowing
Definition
disturbs the soil and its plant cover as little as possible.
Term
what factors cause machanical weathering?
Definition
freezing and thawing, release of pressure, growth of plants, and actions of animals.
Term
describe three causes of chemical weathering.
Definition
three causes of chemical weathring are water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
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