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Water Beneath the Surface
Earth Science 9th Grade Textbook Chapter 6 Section 3
31
Science
9th Grade
11/02/2010

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Term
Porosity
Definition
The measure of an empty space in a material.
Term
Permeability
Definition
The ability of a material to transmit fluid through pore spaces.
Term
When do springs form?
Definition
Whenever the water table intersects the ground surface.
Term
What causes hot springs to form?
Definition
Water is heated by the cooling of igneous rock.
Term
Geyser
Definition
Intermittent hot springs; water turns to steam and erupts.
Term
Well
Definition
A hole bored into the zone of saturation.
Term
Artesian well
Definition
Any formation in which groundwater rises on its own under pressure.
Term
Cone of depression
Definition
Where the water table is lowered by the pumping of a well.
Term
Lotic
Definition

A moving body of freshwater.

EX: river/stream

Term
Lentic
Definition

Standing body of freshwater.

EX: lake/pond

Term
Cavern
Definition
A naturally formed underground chamber,
Term
Stalactites
Definition
Rock formations in a cave that hang from the ceiling.
Term
Stalagmites
Definition
Rock formations in a cave that rise up from the floor.
Term
Sinkhole
Definition
Forms when bedrock dissolves and caverns collapse.
Term
Point Source Pollution
Definition

A type of pollution that comes from a specific location.

EX: industrial plants, sewage pipes

Term
What is LUST?
Definition
Leaky Underground Storage Tanks
Term
Non-Point source Pollution
Definition

A type of pollution that cannot be traced to a specific location.

EX: cars, fertilizer/pesticide runoff from fields

Term
Gradient
Definition
Slope or steepness of a stream.
Term
Stream Channel
Definition
Course that the water in a stream follows.
Term
Discharge
Definition
Volume of water flowing past a point in a certain amount of time.
Term
Base Level
Definition
Lowest point to which a stream can erode.
Term

Meander

Definition
A stream with many bends.
Term
Bedload
Definition
Solid materials too large to carry in a stream.
Term
Capacity
Definition
How much a stream can carry.
Term
Delta
Definition
An accumulation of sediment formed where a stream enters a lake or ocean.
Term
Natural Levee
Definition
Parallels a stream and helps to contain its waters (except during flood stage).
Term
Oxbow
Definition
U-shaped body of water when a small meander is cut off to create a lake.
Term
Floodplain
Definition
A flat, low laying portion of a stream valley subject to periodic flooding.
Term
Drainage Basin
Definition
Land area that contributes water to a stream.
Term
Divide
Definition
An imaginary line that separates the drainage basins of one stream to another.
Term
Eutrophication
Definition
The process of nutrient over enrichment in aquatic systems results in excessive plat growth and oxygen depletion.
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