Term
| can cause metabolic acidosis by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase |
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Definition
| Mafenide --> topical Sulfonamide for burns |
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Term
| used in synergistic combination with sulfamethoxazole but can cause blood dyscrasias |
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Definition
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Term
| cross the placenta and have unwanted side effects in the fetus; such as permanent hearing loss or ototoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
| Crystalluria;kernicterus; blood dyscrasias; hypersensitivity including erythema multiforme, stevens-johnson syndrome syndrome; Rx fever |
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Definition
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Term
| fever, headache, cough, conjunctivitis followed by macules on face neck and other areas eventually forming bullous eruptions on skin and mucous membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| sudden onset of asymptomatic macules, papules, vesicles on extremities and face |
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Definition
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Term
| decreases clearence of theophylline |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibits CYP1A and consequen |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibits CYP1A and consequent metabolism of tizanidine; sedation, hypotension, hallucinations |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibits CYP34A and decreases metbaolism of opiods; e.g. methadone --> respiratory depression |
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Definition
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Term
| avoid if conduction anomalies; Torsades de Pointes FDA warning: can result in acute hepatitis and fatal events, although rare |
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Definition
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Term
| can prolong Q-T interval in healthy patients; caution in the case of hepatic disease; metabolized mainly by the liver |
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Definition
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Term
| Phototoxicity, Arthropathy, tendon rupture [black box] risk greater if on steroids or over 65; unstable blood glucose levels if on insulin or hypoglycemics; convulsions or psychosis; nausea and vomiting and diarrhea; major cause of c. difficile |
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Definition
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Term
| can increase hypoglycemic activity of sulfonylureases |
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Definition
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Term
| chelation with mono and di-valent cations; avoid use of antacids or iron supplements |
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Definition
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Term
| some patients are allergic to ester compounds so this penicillin formulation is not preferred |
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Definition
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Term
| compete with uric acid and probenicid for excretion |
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Definition
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Term
| 70-90% of patients with secondary syphillis; fever, chills, headache, neuralgia |
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Definition
| Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction; PCN |
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Term
| risk of seizures of BBB is penetrated; risk increases with decreased kidney function |
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Definition
| PCN; they block GABA receptors |
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Term
| Hypersensitivity from metabolites acting as haptens; rashes, fever, bronchospasms, serum sickness, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylaxis |
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Definition
| PCN; penicilloic acid is the main offender |
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Term
| bullous eruptions in airway |
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Definition
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Term
| Diarrhea and Superinfection are common side effects of all antibiotics; why? |
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Definition
| kills of normal flora in the bowel which regulates fluid and electrolyte balance |
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Term
| MTT side chain antagonizes Vitamin K; hypoprothombinemia --> increased bleeding |
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Definition
| Cefotetan; do not use with blood thinners |
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Term
Reversible Sludge; pseudolithiasis (kids are most vulnerable)
also acute hepatitis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| reddens feces due to inhibition of iron absorption |
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Definition
| Cefdinir; 3rd generation Cephalosorins |
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Term
| neurologic side effects: myoclonus, disorientation, EEG changes, risk if epileptic |
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Definition
| Ceftazidime; 3rd generation cephalosporin IV/IM |
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|
Term
| myoclonus, disorientaiton, EEG changes, risk if epileptic and primarily renally excreted |
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Definition
| Cefepime; 4th generation cephalosporin with good CNS penetration for G- rods resistant to 3rd generation |
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Term
| IV pro-Rx used for MRSA CABP with side effects -- nausea diarrhea and rash |
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Definition
| Ceftraroline; 4th generation Cephalosporin |
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Term
| Risk of cross allergy with PCN (greatest for 1st generation and negligible for 2nd and 3rd unless PCN hypersensitivity has been documented); nephrotoxicity but less than aminoglycosides; FDA -- immune mediated hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
| excreted unchanged in the urine and dose must be adjusted for renal toxicity; crosses inflamed meninges; monobactam |
|
Definition
| Aztreonam --> for G- organisms and usually long filamentous bacteria that eventually lyse |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Imipenem; formulated with cilastatin |
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|
Term
| 0.5% seizures and not metabolized by dihyropeptidase |
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Definition
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|
Term
| decreased levels of valproic acid and increased risk of seizures |
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Definition
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Term
| rapid IV; flushing of upper body, face, hypotension, tachycardia and shock-->release of histamine;ototoxicity;nephrotoxicity |
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Definition
| Red Man syndrome; vancomycin; not absorbed orally but can be used to treat pseudomembrane colitis |
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Term
| so nephrotoxic it can only be used topically; Group A strep is sensitive to it |
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Definition
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Term
renal failure; must monitor peaks and troughs
vertigo, ataxia, loss of balance
accumulates in fetal plasma |
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Definition
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|
Term
| possibly less ototoxic than gentamicin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| neuromuscular block; respiratory paralysis can be a concern in patient who has been under anesthesia; can give neostigmine to balance or Calcium IV |
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Definition
| Aminoglycosides; blocks Ca uptake in nerve terminals decreasing calcium release |
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Term
| GI upset, brown discoloration of teeth, slow bone growth, photosensitivty; nausea, vomiting, polyuria, polydypsia, glucosuria, aminoaciduria, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis |
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Definition
| Side effects common to all Tetracyclines; Falconi-like syndrom from expired antibiotic metabolite |
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Term
| pulmonary lupus, pleural effusions, hypersensitivity pneumonitis; SLE like syndrome when ANA +; black pigmentation of gums and thyroid, pigementation of nails, skin and sclera (reversible) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| should not be taken with milk, dairy products or antacids |
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Definition
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|
Term
| inhibits CYP3A; increases risk of sudden death 2X, 5X if used with diltiazem or verapamil; torsades de points |
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Definition
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|
Term
| has caused dangerously low blood sugar; fatality risk when used with colchicine due to inhibition of CYP3A |
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Definition
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|
Term
| BLACK BOX WARNING; contraindicated if Myasthenia Gravis. Fatal or life threatening respiratory failure; Torsades de Pointe; serious hepatotoxicity, but rare. |
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Definition
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