• adjective- not giving in; unyeilding (I wanted to stay up later, but Mom was adamant about bedtime.)

• noun- something added in small quantities to change or improve something else (Additives are used to make food look tastier and stay fresh longer.)

• verb- to be next to or close to (A pharmacy adjoins the food store but has its own entrance.)

• adjective- disagreeable; unpleasant; disgusting (He was a beastly man whom none of us could stand.)

noun

1. a group of birds, especially fowl, born to the same mother at the same time (The hen watched over her brood.)
2. all of the children in a family (The father hurried his brood aside, out of the rain.)

verb

1. to keep thinking about something in a sad or troubled way (It does no good to brood about a past mistake.)

• noun- the buying & selling of goods, especially on a large scale between cities, states, or nations; trade (U.S. business leaders toured India to see about expanding commerce between the two countries.)

• verb- to seize (something) that one has the authority to take away (Ms. Mack always confiscates any snacks her students bring to eat during class.)

adjective

1. lonely; miserable & cheerless (When her last child moved away, Mrs. Cho felt desolate.)
2. ruined; destroyed (The trees had all been cut, & what had once been forest was now desolate land.)

verb

1. to uncover or remove by digging; to unearth (Two teams worked to excavate the ruins.)
2. to hollow out; to make a hole in; to dig (A giant machine was used to excavate the tunnel.)

• adjective- being, doing, or acting in a certain way by habit; steady; customary (Mike was a habitual latecomer, so I knew I'd have to wait.)

• noun- an agreement between two or more people or groups about what they will do; a treaty (The two nations made a pact to defend each other from attack.)

noun

1. a brief fight between small forces (A dozen soldiers were caught up in a skirmish for control of the bridge.)
2. any brief or unimportant conflict (That was only a skirmish; the real struggle will come when Congress debates the bill.)

• noun- rapidity of motion; speed (The velocity of light is 186,000 miles per second.)

• adjective- mildly sad because of an unfiltered wish or desire; sadly thoughtful or wishful (Sara heard tyhe party next door and gave a wistful smile.)

• noun- very great anger (Control your wrath, or you may do something you'll regret.)