Term
| Characteristics of Gram Positive Bacteria |
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Definition
Stains Purple
has excessive layers of Peptidoclycan
low g + c
high g + c |
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Term
| Low g + c gram positive bacteria |
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Definition
spheres - staphylococuss, streptococuss, enterococcus
Rod shaped - bacillus, clostridium, listeria
Pleomorphic - mycoplasmas (lack cell wall, stain pink) |
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Term
| High g + c gram positive bacteria |
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Definition
Rod shaped - corynebacterium, mycobacterium, propionibacterium
Filmentous - Nocardia, Actinomycetes |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus
low g + c
gram positive cocci
faculative anaerobe(uses O2 or fermentation)
sphere shape
grape like clusters
salt tolerant - lives on skin
can synthesize catalase(hydrogen peroxide to H2O and O2) |
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Term
| Pathogenic Staphylococcus |
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Definition
Staphylococcus defenses
Pathogenic Staphylococcus
evades phagocytosis
produces enzymes
produces toxins
S. aureus - more virulent, has protein A
S. epidermidis - opportunistic infections |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus defenses
Protein A - inhibits opsonization, inhibits complement cascade
synthesize polysaccharide slime layer - inhibits chemotaxis and phagosytosis, facilitates attachment |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus Enzymes
coagulase - triggers blood clotting
hyaluronidase - breaks down hyaluronic acid between cells
staphylokinase - dissolves blood clots freeing S. aureus
lipases - digest lipids allows attachment to skin
B-lactanase -breaks down penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus toxins
cytotoxic toxins - alpha, beta, gamma, delta, disrupts cytoplasmic membranes
exfoliative toxins - interferes with desmosomes (attachment proteins)
toxic shock syndrome toxin - causes TSS
enterotoxins - symptoms of food poisiong |
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus disease
noninvasive - food poinsoning
scalded skin syndrome - skin rash, blisters
impetigo - red patches on skin w/ pus, crusty
follicluitis - infection of hair follicle |
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Term
| Staphylococcus systemic disease |
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Definition
Staphylococcus systemic disease
staph toxic shock syndrome(TSS)- wound or vagina absorbed in blood
bactermia - bacteria in blood affect organs
endocarditis - attack lining of heart
pneumonia - infection in lungs
osteomyelitis - infection in bones |
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Term
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Definition
Streptococcus
gram positive cocci
low g + c
facultative anaerobe
pairs or chains
has peroxidase
group A pyogenes
group B agalactiae |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes Group A components |
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Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes Group A components
protein M - destabilizes complement
hyaluronic acid capsule - camaflouged from wbs, avoids phagocytosis |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes Group A enzymes |
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Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes Group A enzymes
streptokinases - breaks blood clots
deoxyribonucleases - depolymerize DNA, reduces cell firmness
C5a peptidase - breaks up protein C5a |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes Group A Toxins |
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Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes Group A Toxins
pyrogenic toxin - stimulates leukocytes to release cytokines, stimulates rash/fever
streptolysis - membrane proteins lyse rbc, wbc, platelets, interferes with clotting |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes Group A diseases |
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Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes Group A diseases
pharyngitis - strep throat
scarlet fever - pharyngitis followed by rash on chest and body
TSS - toxic shock syndrome
necrotizing fasciitis - flesh eating
rheumatic fever - untreated pharyngitis affects heart antigens
glomerulophritis - antibodies bind to strep, accumulate in glomerulus(kidneys) |
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Term
| Streptococcus Agalactae Group B |
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Definition
Streptococcus Agalactae Group B
Group specific cell wall antigens
Smaller zone of beta-hemolysis
Resistant to bacitracin |
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Term
| Streptococcus Agalactae Group B pathogenicity |
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Definition
Streptococcus Agalactae Group B pathogenicity
infects newborns
causes neonatal bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia
identified by ELSA test and treated with penicillin |
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Term
| Alpha hemolytic Streptococci |
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Definition
Alpha hemolytic Streptococci
Viridans Group
lack group specific carbohydrates
Hemolysis produces green pigment
grows in mouth, pharynx, GI tract, urinary tract
cause of dental plaque |
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Term
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Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
gram positive cocci
low g + c
forms unpigmented alpha hemolytic colonies |
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Term
| Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenicity |
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Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenicity
**occurs from polysaccharide capsules
phosphorycholine - stimulates phagocytosis where they hide and travel
protein adhesin - binds to epithelial cells in pharynx
Secretes IgA protease - destroys IgA
pneumolysin - lyses epithelial cells |
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Term
| Streptococcus pneumoniae diseases |
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Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae diseases
pneumococcal pneumonia - 85% of cases, travels from pharynx to lungs
sinusitis/otitis media - upper resp. infection
bacteremia/endocarditis - strep enters blood travels to heart
pneumococcal meningitis - strep infect meminges |
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Term
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Definition
enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium
gram positive cocci
low g + c
forms chains and pairs
opportunistic
lacks capsule
DOES NOT contain catalase
non hemolytic
have resistant plasmids
found in colon |
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Term
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Definition
Bacillus
gram positive rod shaped
low g + c
nonmotile
bacilli singular, pairs, or chains
forms endospores |
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Term
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Definition
Bacillus pathogenicity
contracted by inhalation of spores
spores in break on skin
ingestion of spores |
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Term
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Definition
Bacillus disease
bacillus anthracis - only cause of anthrax
gastrointestinal anthrax - intestinal hemorrhages
cutaneous anthrax - produces ulcers, and eschar(black ulcer)
inhalation anthrax - inhaled toxins result in toxemia, high death rates |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium
gram positive rod shaped
low g + c
anaerobic
form spores
found in soil, water, and GI |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium perfringens
toxins cause irreversible tissue damage
food poisoning
gas gangrene - endospores germinate, causing necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium difficile
common intestinal microbiota
opportunistic
causes explosive diarrhea
pseudomonas colitis- portions of colon fall off |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium botulinum
common in soil and water
anaerobic
produces botulism toxins affecting nuerotransmitters |
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Term
| Clostridium botulinum disease |
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Definition
Clostridium botulinum disease
food borne botulism - can cause death from asphixiation
infant botulism - ingestion of endospores
wound botulism - contamination of wound by endospores |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium tetani
gram positive bacilli
forms endospores
obligate anaerobic
produces tetanus toxins which contract muscles
treated with immunoglobulin and tetanus toxoid |
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Term
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Definition
Listeria
gram positive baccilli
low g + c
*lives inside cells (Listeriolysin O)
invades CSF
does not produce toxins
found in soil, water, mammals, birds, fish, insects |
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Term
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Definition
Mycoplasmas
gram positive pleomorph
lacks cell wall
stains pink!
low g + c
smallest free living organism
lack cytochromes(proteins in ETC)
have sterols in cytoplasmic membrane
can colonize mucous membranes of resp tract and urinary tract |
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Term
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Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
attaches to epithelial cells
causes walking pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
Mycoplasma hominis
can cause PID
infects uterus and fallopian tubes |
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Term
Mycoplasma genitalium
Ureaplasma urealyticum |
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Definition
Mycoplasma genitalium
Ureaplasma urealyticum
causes inflammation of urethra |
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Term
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Definition
Corynebacterium
gram positive rod shaped
high g + c
causes diptheriae - resp disease easily transmitted
diptheria toxin - causes endocytosis then kills the cell from the inside |
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Term
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Definition
Myobacterium
gram positive rod shaped
high g + c
cell wall has mycolic acid (waxy lipid)
slow intracellular growth
resistant to gram staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs |
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Term
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Definition
Myobacterium diseases
tuberculosis - virulent resp disease, produces cord factors(connected daughter cells)
M. leprae - causes leprosy
tuberculoid leprosy - cell mediated, infected regions lose sensation
lepromatus leprosy - tissue loss on face and digits |
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Term
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Definition
Propionibacterium
gram positive rod shaped
high g + c
propionibacterium acne- causes acne |
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Term
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Definition
Nocardia and Actinomyces
gram positive
high g + c
has fillaments |
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