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VTI: Measuring & Monitoring of Blood Pressure
Surgical Nursing 1 Remember to read Chapters
40
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
03/21/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the principle function of the cardiovascular system?
Definition
Generate an appropriate amount of intravascular pressure to ensure tissue perfusion
Term
The measurement of force applied to artery walls:
Definition
Blood pressure
Term
Indicates the driving force for tissue blood flow and refers only to arterial blood pressure:
Definition
Blood Pressure
Term
This has the strongest correlation with body fluid volume and allows us to access how well blood is returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to receive and pump blood:
Definition

Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

 

Remember: We can measure the pressure of this within the vein

Term
Organ perfusion may be inadequate and is usually due to anesthesia, drugs, toxins, various forms of shock (hemorrhage).
Definition

Hypotension

(Blood Pressure that falls too low)

Term
Organs can be over perfused or undergo barotrauma. Usually due to kidney disease, hyperthyroidism or possibly other types of metabolic changes:
Definition

Hypertension

(Blood pressure that rises to high)

Term
Sensory nerve trauma that stimulates pressure change
Definition

Barotrauma

 

(Note: Seen with Hypertension)

Term
These must also be considered when evaluating a patients blood pressure:
Definition
  • Species
  • Gender
  • Age
Term
What is a high risk BP that needs intervention by administration of necessary drugs or antihypertensive agents
Definition
180/120 mm Hg
Term
What is a moderate risk BP where intervemtion should be considered and there is a risk og organ injury and monitoring shoukd be done
Definition
150/95 mm Hg
Term
What is a BP with moderate risk with reduced organ perfussion?
Definition
100/60 mm Hg
Term
What is the BP that is high risk which mandates intervention and requires administration of IV fluids and or reducing anesthetic agents?
Definition

70/40 mm Hg

 

Remember: Death will occur if action is not taken

Term
What is the normal systolic blood pressure for dogs and cats ?
Definition
90-160 mm Hg
Term
What is the normal diastolic blood pressure for dogs and cats?
Definition
50-90 mm Hg
Term
What is the normal Mean Arterial Pressure when a patient is awake and anesthetized?
Definition

Awake: 85-120 mm Hg

Anesthetized: 70-90 mm Hg

Term
This is the average pressure through the cardiac cycle which is the most important during anesthesia and the best indicator of blood perfussion
Definition

Mean Arterial Pressure

(MAP)

 

Note: Diastolic pressure + (systolic pressure- diastolic pressure)/3

Term
What two ways can blood pressure be measured?
Definition
Direct or indirect
Term
What is an example of direct measurement of blood pressure?
Definition
Placement of an indwelling catheter
Term
What is an example of indirect measurement of blood pressure?
Definition
  • Auscultatory
  • Ultrasonic Doppler
  • Oscillometric
Term
Pressure is measured with either:
Definition
  • Manometer
  • Pressure tranducter
Term
This detects blood flow as a change in frequency of reflected sound due to motion of red blood cells
Definition
Doppler
Term
When using the doppler where should the probe be positioned?
Definition
Distal to the cuff on the same limb
Term
Dopplers are more reliable for measurements of:
Definition

Systolic Blood Pressure

 

Remember: They may be able to obtaina diastolic even though it is uncommon unless experienced

Term
This instruement detects pressure fluctuations in the occluding cuff resulting from the pressure pulse
Definition
Oscillometric
Term
What does an oscillometric measure?
Definition
Systolic, Diastolic and mean Blood pressure, as well as a pulse rate
Term
What are some sites that pressure measurement can be obtained?
Definition
  • Brachial Arteries
  • Median Arteries
  • Cranial Tibia Arteries
  • Medial Coccygeal Arteries
Term
What is the best postion to place a patient in for obtaining a blood pressure?
Definition
Which ever the patient is comfortable in
Term
At what level should that patient be cuffed at?
Definition
Level with the heart
Term
What do you want to remember when placing the cuff above or below heart level?
Definition
For every 2 cm above or below + or - 1mm Hg respectively
Term
Ideally the cuff size should be how much limb circumference?
Definition
40% of limb circumference
Term
What should be constant when measuring blood pressure?
Definition
  • The position
  • Technique
  • Vet Tech performing
  • Equipment
Term
How many consistent readings should be obtained before discarding the highest and lowest readings to achieve an average?
Definition
5
Term
How much should be added to the reading of systolic blood pressure on cats for accuracy?
Definition
15 mm Hg
Term
What are some anxiety induced artifacts?
Definition
  • Visit to veterinary Clinic
  • Restraint
  • Noises
  • Odors
  • Any other unusual stimuli
Term
Ideally how long do you want a patient to acclimate to its surroundings before doing a blood pressure
Definition
15 minutes
Term
What equipment is needed when measuring blood pressure through centrous venous pressure?
Definition
  • Sterile Bag or Bottle of Fluids or syringe of normal saline
  • Fluid administration set attached to fluids
  • IV extension set
  • Manometer
  • Stopcock
Term
When the white knob on a stopcock is pointed in a certain direction that position is considered off or on?
Definition
OFF
Term
What is the normal for CVP?
Definition
0-5 cm of H2O
Term
Values of 8-10 cm of H2O read on a manometer during a CVP can indicate:
Definition
  • Increased invascular volume
  • Suspected volume overload
  • Fluid therapy should be slowed or stopped
Term
Values greater than 10 cm of H2O are read on a manometer during a CVP what can this indicate?
Definition
  • Venous Congestion
  • Increased Thoracic Pressure
  • Volume Overload
  • Fluid Therapy Should Be Stopped
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