Home > Flashcards > Geology > Volcanoes Earthquakes Tsunami

Details Title: Volcanoes Earthquakes Tsunami Description: test review cards Total Flash Cards: 33 Created: 04/10/2007 16:41:51	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term three stresses Definition compression tension folding Term compression Definition two tectonic plates collide Term tension Definition stress that occurs whebn forces act to to stretch an object Term two kinds of seismic waves Definition P Waves S Waves Term seismic wave Definition a wave of energy that travels throught the earth, away from an earthquake Term P Wave Definition a sismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back and forth direction Primary Wave (the first waves to be detected) travel through liquid, solid,and gas Term S Wave Definition a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction secondary waves slower than P waves and stretch the rock sideways, cannot travel through liquid Term studying siesmic waves helps scientists Definition measure earthquake size and intensity find an earthquakes' epicenter Term How to locate an earthquake's epicenter once the distance from the epicenter of the quake to each of three siesmographic retorting stations is known Definition 1. use the S-P time method 2. collect seismograms from 3 diff locations 3.place them on a time distance chart 4. draw a circle around a siesmograph station with the radius = distance from the station to the epicenter 5.draw a second circle around another station 6. the circles will overlap in 2 spots 7.draw the third circle and where all 3 overlap is the epicenter Term Earthquake damage is measured on two scales Definition Richter Scale Mercalli Scale Term Mercalli Scale Definition Measures the intensity of earthquakes from I(some only felt at the epicenter) to XI (total destruction) Term Richter Scale Definition measures magnitude from 2 ( only detected only by a seismograph )to 7 ( can cause great, widespread damage) Created in the 1930's by Charles Richter to compare earthquakes by measureing ground motion recorded by siesmograms at seismograph stations Term Home preparation for an earthquake Definition place heavy objects on low shelves determine a safe place inside the house determine a safe place outside the house determine where to meet afterwards Have stored: water, food, fire extinguisher, flashlight, portable radio, medicine,and first aid kit Term What to do during a quake Definition Inside: get under a table or desk in center of room Outside: away from building, powerlines, and trees, lay flat and cover head. In a car, stop car and stay inside Term Fastest seismic wave Definition Primary Wave Term vent Definition opening in Earth's crust through which magma is released Term caldera Definition magma chamber below a volcano partially empties and causes the ground above to sink Term crater Definition funnel shaped pit near the top of the central vent of a volcano Term magma Definition molten rock found deep within the Earth is called Term hot spot Definition area with active volcanoes far from tectonic plate boundry Term lava plateau Definition wide flat landform that results from repeated nonexplosive eruptions of lava that spread over a large area Term rift zone Definition area of deep cracks that firns between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other Term cinder cone Definition A volcano created from moderately explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material. They are usually small and usually erupt for a short time Term 80% of volcanoes form Definition where tectonic plates collide along plate boundries Term mantle plumes Definition some scientists believe that these are columns of rising magma that may cause the hot spots Term pyoclastic material Definition forms when 1.magma explodes from a volcano and solidifies in the air 2.powerful eruptions shallter exising rock these can be as big as a house! 3. some materials are: volcanic bombs, volcanic blocks, lapilli and volcanic ash Term silica rich magma Definition is thick and stiff flows slowly hardens the volcano's vents Term magma with less silica Definition is fluid and runny volcano has less explosions Term predicting an eruption of a volcano Definition changes in: volcanic gases internal temperature slope of volcano Term aa lava Definition names for its jagged surface that hurts pours out quickly and makes brittle crust as molten lava flows under it Term pillow lava Definition lava under water makes round lumps in the shape of a pillow Term blocky lava Definition cool stiff not travel far oozes makes jumbles heaps of sharp edged chunks Term exploding volcanoes Definition magma with high silica content silica rich magma blocks vents gas is trapped explodes