Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Since liquids and gases have many properties in common, how are they frequently classified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is all matter made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which matter has the property of resisting changes in shape when a force is applied? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When sufficient force is applied to a solid to cause distortion, the solid is said to have exceeded what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factors affect the amount of expansion and contraction of a solid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most outstanding characteristics of a liquid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For a liquid to transmit a pushing force, what condition must exist first? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would cause a cylinder of air to have an increase in pressure when placed in the sun? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the main differences in the characteristics of gases when compared to liquids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
____(1) A measure of quantity.
a. Area
____(2) The amount of force acting on a unit of area.
b. Force
____(3) A substance that is a liquid or a gas.
c. Pressure
____(4) The amount of distance an object moves.
d. Fluid
____(5) The measurement of a surface.
e. Volume
____(6) The amount of push or pull exerted on an object.
f. Stroke
____(7) The movement of a fluid caused by pressure difference.
g. Flow
____(8) Expressed in inches.
____(9) Expressed in pounds.
____(10) Expressed in psi.
____(11) Expressed in square inches.
____(12) Expressed in cubic inches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State the basic principle of Pascal’s Law. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Under what conditions does Pascal’s Law not apply to fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| State the basic principle of Boyle’s Law. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Using Charles’ Law, explain the affect of heating a gas in a cylinder, which has a movable piston. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the Boyles–Charles’ law? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find P: Area = 4 square inches.
Force = 100 pounds.
Pressure = ____ psi. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find F: Area = 10 square inches.
Force = ____ pounds.
Pressure = 100 psi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find A: Area = ____ square inches.
Force = 200 pounds.
Pressure = 400 psi. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find P: Area = 6 square inches.
Force = 150 pounds.
Pressure = ____ psi. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find F: Area = 4 square inches.
Force = ____ pounds.
Pressure = 300 psi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find A: Area = ____ square inches.
Force = 500 pounds.
Pressure = 50 psi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find F: F =____ pounds.
P = 500 psi.
A = 4 square inches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find F: F = ____ pounds.
P = 500 psi.
A = 6 square inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find A: F = 3000 pounds.
P = 300 psi.
A = ____ square inches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find P: F = 500 pounds.
P = ____ psi.
A = 5 square inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find F: F = ____ pounds.
P = 100 psi.
A = 3 square inches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find A: F = 600 pounds.
P = 100 psi.
A = ____ square inches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find L: Volume = 15 cubic inches.
Area = 5 square inches.
Length = ____ inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find A: Volume = 70 cubic inches.
Area = ____ square inches.
Length = 10 inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
15. Find V: Volume = ___ cubic inches.
Area = 5 square inches.
Length = 1 inches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find L: Volume = 10 cubic inches.
Area = 2 square inches.
Length = ____ inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find A: Volume = 12 cubic inches.
Area = ____ square inches.
Length = 4 inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find V: Volume = ____ cubic inches.
Area = 4 square inches.
Length = 5 inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find V: V = ____ cubic inches.
A = 2 square inches.
L = 5 inches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find L: V= 40 cubic inches.
A = 4 square inches.
L = ____ inches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find A: V = 30 cubic inches.
A = ___ square inches.
L = 5 inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find A: V = 15 cubic inches.
A = ____ square inches.
L = 5 inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find V: V = ____ cubic inches.
A = 10 square inches.
L = 5 inches. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Find L: V = 20 cubic inches.
A = 4 square inches.
L = ____ inches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanical advantage ratio if a 60-pound force is used to raise a 240-pound weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanical advantage ratio if a 3-pound force is used to raise 99 pounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 150-pound weight is placed on a 10-square-inch piston. It is then lifted by a force applied to a 2-square-inch piston. What force is required on the small piston, and what is the mechanical advantage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 20-pound force on a 3-square-inch piston will lift how much weight on a 12-square-inch piston? What is the mechanical advantage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pressure (psi) on a surface 12 square inches in area and supporting a weight of 216 pounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How far will an 8-square-inch piston move if a 2-square-inch piston is moved 8 inches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characteristic of a fluid determines its resistance to flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does laminar flow cause energy loss in a hydraulic system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect does an orifice have on fluid-flow when compared to a venturi? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can resistance to flow be reduced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pressure difference can be observed during fluid-flow through a venturi? |
|
Definition
| There is a pressure drop at the narrow opening (throat) of a venturi as the rate of flow of the fluid increases at this point. The pressure will increase again after passing through the throat |
|
|
Term
| How much fluid should a reservoir hold? |
|
Definition
| It should contain enough fluid to supply the normal operating needs of the system, along with an additional amount to replace fluid lost through minor leakage |
|
|
Term
| Why do nonpressurized reservoirs have space above the fluid? |
|
Definition
| To allow the fluid to purge itself of air bubbles that are picked up from the system. |
|
|
Term
| What prevents foreign material from entering the reservoir during servicing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two main reasons for pressurizing a reservoir? |
|
Definition
| First, it stops the fluid from foaming at high altitudes; second, it ensures a positive supply of fluid to the pumps |
|
|
Term
| How is a pressurized hydraulic reservoir serviced with fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What unit in the pressurized hydraulic reservoir pressurizes the hydraulic fluid to 5 psi? |
|
Definition
| Using a portable servicing cart. |
|
|
Term
| To service or perform maintenance on an air-pressurized reservoir, what is the first thing you must do? |
|
Definition
| Depressurize the reservoir. |
|
|
Term
| Name three functions of the air-pressurized reservoir pressure regulator. |
|
Definition
| It regulates the pressure to the reservoir, acts like a relief valve, and has a differential valve to allow equalization of pressures between outside air and air inside the reservoir. |
|
|
Term
| How are pumps classified? |
|
Definition
| By their displacement (volume) output. |
|
|
Term
| What two purposes does the hand pump serve? |
|
Definition
| It can be used as an emergency source of pressure or as an auxiliary source of pressure for ground-checking the operation of the system units. |
|
|
Term
| When the hand pump handle is on the retraction stroke, which check valve is closed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If either check valve inside the hand pump malfunctions, what would be the indication? |
|
Definition
| The hand pump will become completely inoperative. |
|
|
Term
| If a third check valve is installed, what could be the problem if fluid is only sent into the system on the extension stroke |
|
Definition
| The inlet check valve is malfunctioning |
|
|
Term
| What is a drawback of a constant-volume pump? |
|
Definition
| As long as the pump rotates, the fluid-flow it produces will eventually build up pressure high enough in the confined area to burst the lines and container |
|
|
Term
| What is the thinned portion on the drive shaft of a gear-type pump called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On a vane-type pump, what keeps the vanes against the housing wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the constant-volume piston pump, what drives the cylinder block? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does a constant-volume piston pump always have a constant intake and output of fluid? |
|
Definition
| Since there are always pistons somewhere between the upper and lower position. |
|
|
Term
| What does the suction boost pump do for engine-driven pumps? |
|
Definition
| Ensures the engine pumps get an adequate supply of fluid. |
|
|
Term
| What regulates pressure in a variable-volume pump? |
|
Definition
| An integral flow control valve (compensator). |
|
|
Term
| What is the main difference between a Vickers stroke-reduction pump and a constant-volume pump? |
|
Definition
| The angle between the drive shaft and the cylinder block. |
|
|
Term
| When the system is at 0 psi, the Vickers pump’s cylinder block and yoke are in what position? |
|
Definition
| The extreme angle position, full flow. |
|
|
Term
| Do the pistons have a stroke when the Vickers pump reaches the ZERO FLOW point? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Kellogg pump is made up of two major component groups. What are they? |
|
Definition
| The rotating group and the pressure-compensating group. |
|
|
Term
| What determines the Kellogg pump’s length of piston stroke? |
|
Definition
| The angle setting of the cam plate. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the creep plates in Stratopower pumps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pistons of the Stratopower pump. |
|
Definition
| The pistons have fairly large hollow centers connected with cross-drilled holes. |
|
|
Term
| On the Stratopower pump, which way would you turn the adjusting screw to increase pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a hydraulic motor? |
|
Definition
| To convert hydraulic pressure into rotary mechanical motion. |
|
|
Term
| What can be used to control the speed of a hydraulic motor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the principle of a jackscrew. |
|
Definition
| The screw remains stationary and the nut turns. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of an accumulator in a hydraulic system? |
|
Definition
| To store a volume of fluid under pressure, provide space for thermal expansion, and act as a cushion against pressure surges. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of accumulator used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which accumulator has a drilled passageway in the piston for lubrication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the piston accumulator serviced with? |
|
Definition
| At the bottom of the accumulator. |
|
|
Term
| Which accumulator has four separate chambers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only moving part of a self-displacing accumulator? |
|
Definition
| Self-displacing accumulator. |
|
|
Term
| In the self-displacing accumulator system, where is the relief valve located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three basic parts of a filter assembly? |
|
Definition
| Between the pressure line and return line. |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the filter assembly is normally mounted to the aircraft? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is meant by micron rating? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two ways fluids can usually flow through a filter assembly? |
|
Definition
| The amount of dirt or contaminates they can filter. |
|
|
Term
| How are hydraulic manifolds designed? |
|
Definition
| Normal flow and bypass flow. |
|
|
Term
| Why is it physically impossible to install the wrong valve in a manifold? |
|
Definition
| They are designed to conserve space in the aircraft and permit ease of component removal and replacement. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of an actuating cylinder? |
|
Definition
| Alignment pins are used to make it physically impossible to install the wrong valve. |
|
|
Term
Column A
____(1) Commonly used on flight control systems to ensure operation by connecting to two separate hydraulic systems.
____(2) Used when more force is required to move an object one way more than the other.
____(3) Used on landing gear.
____(4) Has piston rod that extends through both ends of the cylinder.
____(5) Offers equal force in either direction.
____(6) Commonly used on cargo door systems.
____(7) Used on nose wheel steering.
____(8) Used to actuate brakes.
Column B
a. Single-acting.
b. Double-acting unbalanced.
c. Double-acting balanced.
d. Tandem acting |
|
Definition
(1) d.
(2) b.
(3) b.
(4) c.
(5) c.
(6) b.
(7) c.
(8) a. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pistons are found in a tandem actuator? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the internal snubber actuator? |
|
Definition
| To reduce damage to mechanisms by preventing the actuator from slamming into its end of travel with great force. |
|
|
Term
| Where is the main system relief valve normally installed in a hydraulic system? |
|
Definition
| Between the pressure and return lines. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a selector valve? |
|
Definition
| To control and direct the flow of hydraulic fluid. |
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage of a slide selector valve over the poppet type? |
|
Definition
| Its ability to meter fluid. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a check valve? |
|
Definition
| To allow free flow in one direction and no flow in the other direction. |
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of automatic check valves? |
|
Definition
| Ball, cone, and flapper (gate) types. |
|
|
Term
| Which type of check valve is primarily used in low-pressure systems, such as the air pressurized reservoir system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What component is used in systems to limit the speed of movement of such items as wing flaps and landing gear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is a restrictor check valve usually installed? |
|
Definition
| They are usually installed in the alternating line that carries fluid from the cylinder. |
|
|
Term
| What names are commonly used for the manually operated shutoff valves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of a motor-operated shutoff valve? |
|
Definition
| An electric motor, a slide, valve body, limit switches, and an indicator. |
|
|
Term
| What is installed in the hydraulic system to prevent total fluid loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is internal leakage of a shuttle valve usually repaired? |
|
Definition
| By removing the unit and flushing it with clean hydraulic fluid. |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the supply section of a basic hydraulic system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which section of a basic hydraulic system contains all the lines and units starting with the pump to the selector valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four units of a hand pump system? |
|
Definition
| A reservoir, hand pump, actuator, and a manual shutoff valve. |
|
|
Term
| How much pressure is required to lift 2,300 pounds using an actuator with 2 square inches of working area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would happen to a constant-volume pump hydraulic system if there were no relief valves? |
|
Definition
| The pressure would build up to the point where the tubing would rupture or damage system units. |
|
|
Term
| To properly design a hydraulic system, what must be considered? |
|
Definition
| The pressure needed to operate the system. |
|
|
Term
| What is the disadvantage of a constant-volume pump hydraulic system, which has a relief valve but does not have any components to relieve the pump’s workload? |
|
Definition
| After a few hours of constant load, the pump would probably fail. |
|
|
Term
| What pressure does the pressure regulator and pressure switch maintain? |
|
Definition
| The pressure between two designed pressure limits. |
|
|
Term
| Where is fluid-flow going when a regulator is kicked out? |
|
Definition
| Fluid-flow returns to the reservoir through the regulator bypass. |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the term “operating range”? |
|
Definition
| The difference between the two design limits. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main purpose of the accumulator in the regulator or pressure switch controlled system? |
|
Definition
| Prevent rapid loss of pressure due to fluid leaks in the return lines, which would cause continuous kick in and kick out. |
|
|
