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Vocabulary Words
terms and definitions for final exam
79
Science
7th Grade
05/19/2011

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Term
contour feathers
Definition
gives birds shape and color
Term
down feathers
Definition
insulates the bird; soft and fluffy
Term
endotherm
Definition
animal that has the same temperature constantly
Term
preening
Definition
bird rubs oil on feathers to clean and make waterproof
Term
mammal
Definition
endotherm with hair; uses milk to feed young
Term
mammary glands
Definition
produces the milk
Term
omnivore
Definition
eats both plants and animals
Term
carnivore
Definition
eats animals
Term
herbivore
Definition
eats plants
Term
monotreme
Definition
mammals that lay leathery eggs
Term
marsupials
Definition
give birth to immature young
Term
placentals
Definition
embryos that develop inside the mother
Term
gestation period
Definition
period while the embryo develops; how long it takes for the embryo to develop
Term
placenta
Definition
organ develops from tissue; the organ in most mammals by which the fetus is joined to the uterus of the mother and is nourished
Term
umbilical cord
Definition
gives the baby food and oxygen while in the womb
Term
chordate
Definition
any of a major group of animals (as vertebrates and tunicates) having at least at some stage of development a notochord, a central nervous system located in the back, and openings for water to pass over the gills
Term
notochord
Definition
the backbone
Term
postanal tail
Definition
muscle at the end of the notochord
Term
nerve cord
Definition
tubelike structure above the notochord that in most chordates develops into the brain and spinal cord
Term
gill slit
Definition
breathing area in the chordate
Term
endoskeleton
Definition
skeleton on the inside
Term
cartilage
Definition
makes the bone flexible
Term
vertebrae
Definition
helps the cartilage; backbones that are joined by flexible cartilage and protect a vertebrate's spinal nerve cord
Term
ectotherm
Definition
international temperature
Term
fin
Definition
helps the fish swim; used by fish for steering, balancing, and movement
Term
scale
Definition
thin, hard plates that cover a fish's skin and protect its body
Term
hibernation
Definition
when animals shut down during winter
Term
estivation
Definition
when animals shut down during summer
Term
amniotic eggs
Definition
provides the complete environment for the embryo
Term
mantle
Definition
thin layer of tissue that covers a mollusk's body organs; secretes the shell or protects the body of mollusks without shells
Term
gills
Definition
organs that exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen in water; where it breathes
Term
open circulatory system
Definition
heart moves blood through open vessels
Term
radula
Definition
teeth; in gastropods, the tonguelike organ with rows of teet used to scrape and tear food
Term
closed circulatory system
Definition
blood moves through a series of closed vessels
Term
setae
Definition
bristlelike structures that helps worm to move and keeps them in the ground
Term
crop
Definition
a sac for storage in the worm
Term
gizzard
Definition
helps grind up soil
Term
appendage
Definition
jointed structures of arthropods, such as legs, wings, or antennae
Term
exoskeleton
Definition
skeleton on the outside
Term
molting
Definition
shedding of exoskeleton and regrowing it
Term
spiracle
Definition
opening in the abdomen and thorax of insects for breathing
Term
metamorphosis
Definition
process in which many insect species change their body form to become adults; can be complete or incomplete
Term
vaccine
Definition
preparation made from killed bacteria or damanged particles from bacterial cell walls that can prevent some bacterial diseases
Term
endospores
Definition
thick-walled, protective structures
Term
toxins
Definition
poisionous substances
Term
pathogen
Definition
causes disease; disease producing organism
Term
nitrogen fixing bacteria
Definition
turns nitrogen into air to make it breathable
Term
sapropahyte
Definition
eats dead organisms
Term
antibiotics
Definition
limits the growth of bacteria
Term
anaerobe
Definition
an organism that doesn't need oxygen to breathe
Term
aerobe
Definition
any organism that needs oxygen to breathe
Term
fission
Definition
simplest form of asexual reproduction in which two new cells are produced with genetic material identical to each other and identical to the previous cell
Term
flagellum
Definition
long, thin, whiplike structure of some protists that helps them move through moist or wet surroundings
Term
water vascular system
Definition
network of water-filled canals that allows echinoderms to move, capture food, give off wastes, and exchange caron dioxide and oxygen
Term
tube feet
Definition
tubes with suctions on the end; enable echinoderms to move
Term
vertebrate
Definition
has a backbone
Term
invertebrate
Definition
does not have a backbone
Term
radial symmetry
Definition
body parts arranged in a circle around a central point
Term
bilateral symmetry
Definition
body parts arranged in a similar way on both sides of the body, with each half being a mirror image of the other half
Term
sessile
Definition
remains attached to one place during its lifetime
Term
hermaphrodite
Definition
animals that produce sperm and eggs in the same body; its sperm cannot fertilize its own eggs
Term
polyp
Definition
cnidarian body type that is vase-shaped and is usually sessile
Term
medusa
Definition
a bell-shaped, free-swimming cnidarian
Term
tentacles
Definition
armlike structures that have stinging cells and surround the mouths of cnidarians
Term
stinging cells
Definition
what the polyp uses to paralyze its prey
Term
asymmetrical symmetry
Definition
no symmetry at all
Term
free living organism
Definition
doesn't depend on other organisms for a place to live and food
Term
anus
Definition
waste disposal area
Term
protist
Definition
one or many celled eukaroytic organism that can be plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike
Term
algae
Definition
plant-like protists that produce oxygen as a result of photosynthesis
Term
protozoan
Definition
one-celled, animal-like protist that can live in water, soil, and living and dead organisms
Term
psuedopods
Definition
means false foot; temporary cytoplasmic extensions used by some protists to move about and trap food
Term
hyphae
Definition
mass of many-celled, thread-like tubes forming the body of a fungus
Term
spore
Definition
waterproof reproductive cell of a fungus
Term
basidium
Definition
club-shaped, reproductive structure in which club fungi produce spores
Term
budding
Definition
form of asexual reproduction in which a new, genetically identical organism forms on the side of its parent
Term
sporagium
Definition
contains spores for reproduction; round spore case of a zygote fungus
Term
mycorrhizae
Definition
network of hyphae and plant roots that helps plants absorb water and minerals from soil
Term
lichens
Definition
tells you that pollution is coming; it is a fungus made of green algae and cyanobacteria
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