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vocabulary page 55.
20 words , mrs. donnelly vocab words
20
Biology
9th Grade
11/09/2010

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Term
carbohydrate
Definition
any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things
Term
monosaccharide
Definition
a simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate
Term
disaccharide
Definition
a sugar formed from two monosaccharides
Term
polysaccharide
Definition
one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars; polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Term
protein
Definition
an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
Term
amino acid
Definition
any one of 20 different organic molecules that contain a carboxyl and an amino group and that combine to form proteins
Term
peptide bond
Definition
the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
Term
polypeptide
Definition
a long chain of several amino acids
Term
enzyme
Definition
a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed
Term
substrate
Definition
a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
Term
active site
Definition
the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
Term
lipid
Definition
a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water, including fats and steroids; lipids store energy and make up cell membranes
Term
fatty acid
Definition
an organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils
Term
phospholipid
Definition
a lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes
Term
wax
Definition
***WAS NOT IN GLOSSARY IN ONLINE BOOK***
Term
steroid
Definition
a type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action
Term
Definition
an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information
Term
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
Term
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Definition
ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
Term
nucleotide
Definition
in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
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