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Vocabulary ch.8
vocab 8
22
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
10/10/2011

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Term
Acid
Definition
a substance  that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.
Term
active metal
Definition
A metal that is sufficiently active to react with water at room temperature; the active metals include Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr and Ba
Term
activity series
Definition
a relative order of metals arranged according to their ability to undergo a reaction; also called an electromotive series.
Term
aqueous solution
Definition
a homogeneous mixture ofa substance dissolved in water
Term
base
Definition
a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
Term
catalyst
Definition
a susbstance that speeds up a reaction without being permanently changed.
Term
chemical equation
Definition
a shorthand representation using formulas and symbols to describe a chemical reaction.
Term
chemical reaction
Definition
the process of undergoing a chemical change
Term
coefficient
Definition
a digit in front of a chemical formula that helps to balance an equation.
Term
combination reaction
Definition
a type of reaction in which two substances produce a single compound
Term
decompostion reaction
Definition
 a type of reaction in which a single compound produces two or more substances
Term
diatomic molecule
Definition
a particle composed of two nonmetal atoms
Term
double-replacement reaction
Definition
a type of reaction in which two cations in different compounds exchange anions
Term
endothermic reaction
Definition
a chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy
Term
exothermic reaction
Definition
a chemical reaction that releases heat energy
Term
neutralization reaction
Definition
a type of reaction in which an acid and a base produce a salt and water
Term
precipitate
Definition
an insoluable solid substance produced by a chemical reaction in an aqueous solution
Term
product
Definition
a substance resulting from a chemical reaction
Term
reactant
Definition
a substance undergoing a chemical reaction
Term
salt
Definition
an ionic compound produced by an acid-base reaction; the product of a neutralization reaction in addition to water.
Term
single replacement reaction
Definition
a type of reaction in which a more active element displaces a less active element from a solution or compound.
Term
subscript
Definition
a digit in a chemical formula that represents the number of atoms or ions occuring in the substance.
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