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Vocab.
Vocab. Ch 14
13
Biology
9th Grade
03/13/2013

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Term
Mutation
Definition
a change in the structure or amount of the genetic material of an organism
Term
Nondisjunction
Definition
the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II
Term
Polyploidy
Definition
an abnormal condition of having more than two sets of chromosomes
Term
operon
Definition
a unit of adjacent genes that consists of functionally related structural genes and their associated regulatory genes; common in prokaryotes and phages
Term
transcription factor
Definition
an enzyme that is needed to begin and/or continue genetic transcription
Term
intron
Definition
a nucleotide sequence that is part of a gene and that is transcribed from DNA into mRNA but not translated into amino acids
Term
exon
Definition
one of several nonadjacent nucleotide sequences that are part of one gene and that are transcribed, joined together, and then translated
Term
domain
Definition
Term Not Found
Term
Genome
Definition
the complete genetic material contained in an individual or species
Term
plasmid
Definition
a genetic structure that can replicate independently of the main chromosome(s) of a cell; usually, a circular DNA molecule in bacteria (prokaryotes)
Term
transposon
Definition
a genetic sequence that is randomly moved, in a functional unit, to new places in a genome
Term
cell differentiation
Definition
the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function during multicellular development
Term
apoptosis
Definition
in multicellular organisms, a genetically controlled process that leads to the death of a cell; programmed cell death
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