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Vocab.
Ch. 10 Vocab.
15
Biology
9th Grade
01/15/2013

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Term
Gene
Definition
the most basic physical unit of heredity; a segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or a protein
Term
Chromosome
Definition
in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
Term
Chromatin
Definition
the substance that composes eukaryotic chromosomes; it consists of specific proteins, DNA, and small amounts of RNA
Term
Histone
Definition
a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells
Term
Nucleosome
Definition
a eukaryotic structural unit of chromatin that consists of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins
Term
Chromatid
Definition
one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis
Term
Centromere
Definition
the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes, it consists of a cell-growth period in which DNA is synthesized and a cell-division period in which mitosis takes place
Term
Interphase
Definition
the period of the cell cycle during which activities such as cell growth and protein synthesis occur without visible signs of cell division
Term
Mitosis
Definition
in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis
Term
Spindle
Definition
a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis and moves chromatids to the poles
Term
Centrosome
Definition
an organelle that contains the centrioles and is the center of dynamic activity in mitosis
Term
Cancer
Definition
a type of disorder of cell growth that results in invasion and destruction of surrounding healthy tissue by abnormal cells
Term
Tumor
Definition
a growth that arises from normal tissue but that grows abnormally in rate and structure and lacks a function
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