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Vocab.
Ch. 9 Vocab.
14
Biology
9th Grade
01/15/2013

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Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen
Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide
Term
ATP
Definition
adenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes; composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups
Term
ATP Synthase
Definition
an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP
Term
Electron Transport Chain
Definition
a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane
Term
Thylakoid
Definition
a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
Term
Pigment
Definition
a substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
a green pigment that is present in most plant and algae cells and some bacteria, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that absorbs light to provide energy for photosynthesis
Term
Calvin Cycle
Definition
a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
the anaerobic breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
describes a process that does not require oxygen
Term
Aerobic
Definition
describes a process that requires oxygen
Term
Krebs Cycle
Definition
a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy
Term
Fermentation
Definition
the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen
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