Term
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Definition
| A response or behavior that is measured. |
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Term
| Independent Variable (IV) |
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Definition
| A stimulus or aspect of the environment that the experimenter directly manipulated to determine its influences on behavior. |
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Term
| Principle of Falsifiability |
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Definition
| Results not in accord with the research hypothesis are taken as evidence that this hypothesis is false. |
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Term
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Definition
The nature and purpose(s) of an experiment are explained at its
conclusion. |
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Term
| Institutional Review Board (IRB) |
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Definition
| The university committee that is responsible for determining whether a proposed research project conforms to accepted ethical standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using someone else's work without giving credit to the original source. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of individuals born during the same time period. |
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Term
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Definition
| Established by comparing the score on a test or inventory with a future score on another test or inventory. |
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Term
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Definition
| The variable(s) to be studied are selected after they have occurred. |
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Term
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Definition
Preliminary, exploratory testing that is done prior to the complete
research project. |
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Term
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Definition
| The complete set of individuals or events. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sample in which every member of the population has an equal likelihood of being included. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extent to which a test or inventory is consistent in its evaluation of the same individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group that is selected to represent the population. |
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Term
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Definition
(1) The degree to which a knowledge claim is accurate. (2) The extent to
which a test or inventory measures what it is supposed to measure. |
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Term
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Definition
(1) The degree to which a knowledge claim is accurate. (2) The extent to
which a test or inventory measures what it is supposed to measure. |
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Term
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Definition
A procedure for controlling order effects by presenting different
treatment sequences. |
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Term
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Definition
A type of evaluation of your experiment; it asks the question of
whether your IV is the only possible explanation of the results shown for your DV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defining the independent, dependent, and extraneous variables in terms of the operations needed to produce them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Undesired variables that may operate to influence the dependent variable and, thus, invalidate an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| An event or behavior that can assume two or more values |
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Term
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Definition
| Features from the experiment that inadvertently lead participants to respond in a particular way. |
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Term
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Definition
| An experiment in which both the experimenter and the participants are unaware of which treatment the participants are receiving. |
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Term
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Definition
An experiment in which the experimenter (or participants) is
unaware of the treatment the participants are receiving. |
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Term
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Definition
A single number representing the degree of relation between
two variables. |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedures used to summarize a set of data. |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedures used to analyze data after an experiment is completed. Used to determine if the independent variable had a significant effect. |
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Term
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Definition
A scale of measurement that permits rank ordering of events with the
assumption of equal intervals between adjacent events. |
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Term
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Definition
| A scale of measurement where events are assigned to categories. |
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Term
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Definition
A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution having half of the scores
above the mean and half of the scores below the mean. |
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Term
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Definition
| A scale of measurement that permits events to be rank ordered. |
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Term
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Definition
A scale of measurement that permits rank ordering of events with the
assumptions of equal intervals between adjacent events and true zero point. |
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Term
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Definition
Square root of the variance. Has important relations to the normal
curve. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inferential statistical test used to evaluate the difference between two means. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accepting the experimental hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accepting the null hypothesis when the experimental hypothesis is true. |
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Term
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Definition
In a two-group design, the group of participants that does not receive
the IV. |
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Term
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Definition
In a two-group design, the group of participants that receives the
IV |
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Term
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Definition
A statistical test used to analyze data from an experimental design
with one independent variable that has three or more groups (levels). |
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Term
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Definition
| Statistical comparisons made between group means after finding a significant F ratio. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single number that represents the total amount of variance in a distribution; also, the square of the standard deviation; s2. |
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Term
| Within-groups Variability (Error Variability) |
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Definition
| Variability in DV scores that is due to factors other than the IV - individual differences, measurement error, and extraneous variation. |
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Term
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Definition
| An experimental design with more than one IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| The effect of one IV depends on the specific level of the other IV. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the sole effect of one IV in a factorial design. |
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Term
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Definition
A single-case design consisting of a baseline, treatment, posttest,
return to baseline, repeated treatment, and second posttest. This design gives the best
chance of isolating causation. |
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Term
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Definition
A measurement of a behavior that is made under normal conditions (i.e., no IV
is present); a control condition. |
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Term
| Quasi-experimental Design |
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Definition
A research design used when you cannot randomly assign
your experimental participants to the groups but do manipulate an IV and measure a DV. |
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Term
| Single-Case Experimental Design |
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Definition
An experiment that consists of one participant (also
known as N = 1 designs). |
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Term
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Definition
Applying the results from an experiment to a different situation or
population. |
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Term
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Definition
| An additional scientific study that is conducted in exactly the same manner as the original research project. |
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