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| the idea that the country would be safest and prosperous by staying out of world affairs |
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| later, 14 countries and the United States agreed to “outlaw” war (which ultimately failed) |
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| American banks sent loans into Europe to help the Allied Powers repay debts and increase trade with the United States |
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| a culture that promotes spending money and buying products |
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developed the moving assembly line, which broke production down into specialized tasks
Ford’s innovation made his famous car, the Model T, much more affordable
Mass production made products cheaper, which promoted consumerism |
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Mass media, which had promoted World War I and consumerism, also influenced a new national culture
Radio stations broadcasted news, music, sporting events, dramas, and game shows |
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| popular image of a woman who smoked, drank, and wore makeup and revealing clothing |
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| this surge of black culture centered around literature, music, art, and racial pride |
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| a black nationalist, promoted the idea that blacks should go “back to Africa” |
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The KKK, which had faded during Reconstruction, was “refounded” in 1915
The “new” KKK targeted blacks AND groups they considered “un-American,” including immigrants |
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| this law deliberately favored immigrants from northern and western Europe over “undesirable” immigrants |
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| a Tennessee biology teacher was tried for illegally teaching the theory of evolution in school |
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these authors were critical of 1920s culture
Many were disillusioned by World War I and lost faith in society |
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| fundamentalists denounced the theory of evolution and promoted Creationism |
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| ”bootleggers” would produce and/or smuggle illegal alcohol nationwide |
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| ”bootleggers” would produce and/or smuggle illegal alcohol nationwide |
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In 1921, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were accused of robbery and murder
They were Italian immigrants and were anarchists |
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| In 1920, the prohibition of alcohol took effect according to the 18th Amendment |
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idea that Americans can take care of themselves without government help
Limited federal government policies helped the economy to grow with little regulation during the 1920s |
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| the stock market “crashed” as investors panicked, stock values fell, and loans could not be repaid |
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| homeless Americans built these shantytowns on public land |
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Eleanor Roosevelt, FDR’s wife, revolutionized the role of First Lady
She was very active and travelled the country, reporting to FDR about how the New Deal was working
She met regularly with ordinary Americans to learn their needs |
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Huey Long was FDR’s biggest political threat and FDR considered him dangerous
Long planned to challenge FDR in the Election of 1936 and made bold promises
He campaigned to “make every man a king” by guaranteeing an income for all |
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FDR’s attempted law would expand the Supreme Court from 9 to 15 justices and force older (conservative) justices to retire
FDR could then appoint more liberal, pro-New Deal justices |
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| this area of the Great Plains experienced erosion, drought, and dust storms that ruined agriculture |
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During the 1920s, World War I veterans had been promised a $1,000 bonus
The Bonus Army—veterans gathered in Washington, D.C. to demand immediate bonus payment
Thousands of veterans camped in Hoovervilles around the Capitol building |
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FDR’s wide-ranging laws and programs passed by Congress to fight the Great Depression
The New Deal focused on the “three Rs”—relief, recovery, reform |
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| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) |
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| this federal agency insured Americans’ bank accounts, preventing future bank runs |
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| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) |
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| this federal agency regulated the stock market to prevent overspeculation and fraud |
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| National Recovery Administration (NRA) |
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| this regulated businesses’ wages, hours of work, level of production, and prices to create more jobs |
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| Public Works Administration (PWA) |
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| this paid Americans to work in urban public works projects |
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| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) |
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| this paid Americans to do rural environmental conservation work |
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| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) |
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| his paid Americans to build dams in and around Tennessee, which produced electricity |
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| Works Progress Administration (WPA) |
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| the largest New Deal agency, which created millions more public works jobs |
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| this law provided financial benefits for many types of Americans |
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| National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act |
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| this law greatly increased the power of labor unions, even for unskilled industrial workers |
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| this law created working conditions regulations for most businesses |
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