Xerosis 

a.     dry skin caused by a decrease in the function of sebaceous and sweat gland secretion.

Xerostomia

Leukoplakia-

a.     a precancerous, slowly developing change in a mucous membrane, characterized by white, thickened, firmly attached patches that are slightly raised and sharply circumscribed.

Thermoregulation

a.     the ability to maintain body temperature in a safe range, controlled by the hypothalamus.

Vitamins

a.     organic compounds found naturally in foods or produced synthetically.

Trace element

a.     - an element essential to nutrition or physiologic processes, found in such minute quantities that analysis yields the presence of only trace amounts.

Theory-

an abstract statement formulated to predict, explain, or describe the relationships among concepts, constructs or events.

Senile purpura

a.     - red, purple, or brown areas commonly seen on the legs arms, resulting from hemorrhaging as the walls of the capillaries become increasingly fragile with age.

Senile lentigo

a.     skin disorder whereby clusters of melanocytes form areas of deepened pigmentation, often called age spots or liver spots.

Supplemen

a.     as in nutritional supplement, which is added to complete, makeup for a deficiency, and extend or strengthen the diet.

Sexuality

a.     - the sum of the physical, functional, and psychological attributes that are expressed by one’s gender identity and sexual behavior, regardless of the relationship to the sex organs or the procreation.

Social isolation

a.     a condition in which a feeling aloneness is experienced, which the person acknowledges as a negative or threatening state imposed by others.

Stimuli

a.     thing that excite or incite an organism or part to function, become active, or respond

Sphincter-

a.     a circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening in the body, such as the external anal sphincter, which closes the anus or the hepatic sphincter in the muscular coat of the hepatic veins near their union with the superior vena cava.

Sedative

a.     an agent that decreases functional activity, diminishes irritability, and allays excitement.

Seborrheic keratosis

a.     - skin disorder in which lesions ranging in color from light tan to black appears as slightly raised, warlike macules with distinct edges. 

Seborrheic dermatitis

a.     an unsightly skin disorder characterized by yellow, waxy crust that can be either dry or moist, which is caused by sebum production and occurs on the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, ears, axilla, breasts, groin, and gluteal folds.

Screenings

a.     - which are to identify older people who are in need of further, more in-depth assessment. Examples are screening for high blood pressure, hearing problems, foot problems, and problems with activities of daily living.

Scabies

a.     - contagious disease caused by a human mite, characterized by intense itching of the skin and excoriation from scratching.

Role

a.     a socially accepted behavior or pattern

Ritual-

a.     the prescribed order of a religious ceremony

Retention

a.     - the inability to urinate or defecate.

Relaxation

- as in relaxation therapy, treatment in which patients are taught to perform breathing and relaxation exercise and to concentrate on a pleasant situation

Relationships

a.     - connections formed by the dynamic interaction of individuals who play interrelated roles.

Respite

a.     as in respite care; allows the primary caregiver to have time away from the constant demands of caregiving, thereby decreasing caregiver stress and the risk for abuse.

Rehabilitative focus

a.     the result of high expectations and high-level focus in planning care.

Rehabilitation

the restoration of an individual or a part to normal or near normal function after a disabling disease or injury.

Powerlessness

a.     - a perceived lack of control over a current situation or problem and the person’s perception that any action he or she take will not affect the outcome of the particular situation.

Palliative

a.     as in palliative treatment, therapy designed to relieve or reduce intensity of uncomfortable symptoms but not to produce a cure, such as narcotics to relieve pain.

Prophylactic

preventing the spread of disease

Psychosocial

a.     - pertaining to a combination of psychological and social factors. The psychosocial theories of aging attempt to explain why older adults have different responses to the aging process.

Pruritus-

itching; an uncomfortable sensation leading the urge to scratch, which may result in a secondary infection.

Pressure ulcers

a.     inflammations, sores, or ulcers in the skin over a body prominence occurring most commonly on the sacrum, elbows, heels, outer ankles, inner knees, hips, shoulders blades, and occipital bones of high-risk patients, most often aged, debilitated, immobilized, or cachectic patients.

Presbyopia

a.     - found in older adults people, farsightedness resulting from a loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye and resulting decrease in the power of accommodation.

Pigmentation

a.     - organic color produced in the body, as melanin.

Presbycusis

- hearing loss associated with aging particularly of higher-pitched sounds

Perception-

a.     the conscious recognition and interpretation of sensory stimuli that serve as a basis for understanding, learning, and knowing or for motivating a particular action or reaction.

Proteins

a.     - any of a large group of naturally occurring complex organic compounds, compounds, composed of amino acids, essential for tissue repair and healing.

Percussion-

a.     a technique of physical assessment in which the size, position, and density of structures under the skin are assessed by tapping the area and listening to the resonance of the sound. Depending on the amount of vibration(sound) heard, the presence of masses, fluid, or air can be determined.

Parasitic

a.     - of an organism living in or on and obtaining nourishment from another organism

Palpation

a.     - a method of physical assessment that used the sense of touch in the finders and hands to obtain data.

Otosclerosis

a hereditary condition of the boy labyrinth of the ear, in which there is formation of spongy bone, resulting in hearing loss.

Osteoporosis

a.     -disorder characterized by porous, brittle fragile bones that rare susceptible to breakage, caused by excessive loss of calcium from bone combined with insufficient replacement.

Orthodox

a.      - adhering to the accepted and traditional or established faith, especially in religion.

Nystagmus

a.     - rapid, involuntary eye movement.

 Noncompliance

a.     - failure of a patient to follow through with recommended health practices.

Neglect

a.     -passive form of abuse in which caregivers fail to provide for the needs of the person under their care.

Nocturnal

pertaining to or occurring during the night.

Nasogastric

pertaining to the nose and stomach, as in nasogastric intubation, the placement of nasogastric tube through eh nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distension by removing gas, gastric secretions, or food; to instill medication, food, or fluids; or to obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis.

Morgue

a.     - a unit of a hospital with facilities for the storage and autopsy of the dead. 

Meditation

a.     a sate of consciousness in which individual eliminates environmental stimulate from awareness so that the mind has a single focus, producing a sate for relaxation and relieve from stress.

Abuse

Intentional or unintentional mistreatment or harm-physical, psychological, emotional, or financial of another person.

Agility

ability to move quickly or smoothly

Alignment

- the placing or maintaining of body structures in their proper anatomic positions

Arthritis

any inflammatory condition of the joints, characterized by pain, swelling, heat, redness, or limitation, of movement.

Ageism:

is the disliking of aging and older people based on the belief that aging makes people unattractive, unintelligent, and unproductive.

Anxiety

a.     a vague, uneasy feeling, the source of which is often nonspecific or unknown to the individual.

Anemia

a.     a hematologic disorder marked by a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood to abnormally low levels, caused by a decrease in red blood cell production, an increase in red blood cell destruction, or a loss of blood. Iron-deficiency anemia results from inadequate intake of dietary iron, and pernicious anemia results from a deficiency in intrinsic factor secreted by the stomach.

Antioxidants

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Aphasia

abnormal neurologic condition in which language function is disordered or absent because of an injury to certain areas of the cerebral cortex. May result of a stroke.

Apnea

an absence of spontaneous breathing or respiration. 

Anorexia

- lack or loss of appetite, resulting in inability to eat

Alopecia

partial or complete lack of hair resulting from normal aging, endocrine disorder, drug reaction, anticancer medication, or skin disease.

Aseptic

free of living pathogenic organisms or infected material

Assessment

a.     in medicine and nursing, an evaluation or appraisal of a condition or the process of making such and evaluation, including the patient’s subjective report of the symptoms ad the examiner’s objective findings of the symptoms and the examiner’s objective findings of data obtained through laboratory tests, physical examination, and medical history.

Auscultation

a technique of assessment that uses the sense of hearing to detect sounds produced within the body, such as heart, lung, and bowel sounds

Basal metabolic rate

- rate at which the body uses calories

Biologic

pertaining to organisms; biologic aging views aging from a genetic perspective.

Body image

a.     - a person’s concept of his or her physical appearance.

Blood urea nitrogen

a.     - a measure of the amount of urea, the end product of protein metabolism, in the blood.

Boredom

- the state of being made weary by dullness, tedium, repetitiveness

Calorie

a.     unit of heat that is used to measure the available energy consumed food.

Caries

a.     as in dental caries, a tooth disease caused by the complex interaction of food, especially starches and sugars, with the bacterial that form dental plaque; cavities

Carbohydrates

a.     sugars and starches that constitute the main source of energy for all body functions, particularly brain functions, and that are necessary for the metabolism of other nutrients.

Cachexia

general ill health and malnutrition, marked by weakness and emaciation, usually associated with severe disease, such as tuberculosis or cancer.

Catheterization

a.     introduction of catheter ( a hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to inject to remove a fluid.

Constipation

difficulty in passing stools or incomplete or infrequent passage of hard stools.

Cheyne-stokes

as in respirations, an abnormal pattern of respirations, characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing.

Coordination

a.     harmonious functioning of muscles or groups of muscles in the execution of movements.

Custodial focus

a.     as in custodial care, services and care of nonmedical nature provided on a long-term basis, usually for convalescent and chronically ill individuals.

Confusion

a mental state characterized by disorientation regarding time, place, or person that leads to bewilderment, perplexity, lack of orderly thought, and the inability to choose or act decisively and to perform activities of daily living

Chronologic age

a.     the number of years a person has lived.