Term
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Definition
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Term
| medial/lateral commissure (canthus) |
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Definition
| lacrimal caruncle is located on the medial canthus-- produces oily secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| inner surface of the eyelid; secretes mucus |
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Term
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Definition
secretes tears (contains lysozyme- an antibacterial enzyme)
consists of lacrimal gland, lacrimal canaliculus (tears enter through the lacrimal puntum), lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct |
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Term
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Definition
| between eyelashes; lubricates eye |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior to eyelashes; lubricates eye; |
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Term
| six extrinsic eye muscles |
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Definition
| lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique |
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Term
| three layers of internal anatomy of the eye |
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Definition
| fibrous layer, vascular layer (uvea), sensory layer |
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Term
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Definition
outer connective tissue layer
consists of sclera and cornea |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transparent anterior surface for light entry |
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Term
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Definition
| middle layer, iris- most anterior part |
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Term
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Definition
| found anteriorly; composed of ciliary muscle (controls lens shape) and ciliary processes (secretes aqueous humor) |
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Term
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Definition
| found posteriorly; blood-rich nutritive layer containing dark pigments preventing light scattering |
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Term
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Definition
| innermost layer, contains the two layered retina |
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Term
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Definition
| pigmented epithelial layer and neural (nervous) layer |
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Term
| pigmented epithelial layer |
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Definition
| layer closest to choroid layer; covers ciliary body and posterior side of iris |
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Term
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Definition
| transparent layer containing photoreceptors (rods and cones) extending up to ciliary body. |
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Term
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Definition
| for black and white vision; used in dim light |
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Term
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Definition
| for color vision; used in bright light; concentrated at the macula lutea (its center is the fovea centralis) |
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Term
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Definition
| located at optic disc where optic nerves leave the eye |
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Term
| suspensory ligament (ciliary zonule) |
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Definition
| holds lens vertical; ciliary muscle contraction changes lens thickness to focus light onto retina |
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Term
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Definition
| found anteriorly; focuses light onto retina |
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Term
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Definition
| contain watery aqueous humor (formed by ciliary body; reabsorbed by scleral venous sinus) 2 chambers (anterior chamber, before iris, posterior chamber, after iris) |
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Term
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Definition
| contain gel like vitreous humor |
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Term
| cells of the retinal layer include |
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Definition
| photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, |
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Term
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Definition
| color light; bright light; found mostly in fovea centralist |
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Term
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Definition
| black/white; dim light; found mostly in periphery |
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Term
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Definition
| connects and modulates input from photoreceptors to ganglion cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| project axons to the brain via optic nerve/tract. Ganglion cell axons leave the eye through the optic disc |
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Term
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Definition
| light stimulus causes impulses to travel from the: optic nerves --> optic chiasma (some optic nerves cross to opposite side) --> optic tracts --> superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body of the thalamus --> occipital lobe (visual cortex) |
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Term
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Definition
| normal eye; focuses properly. all images are inverted by the lens when focused onto the retina |
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Term
| visual acuity/sharpness problems |
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Definition
myopia: near sightedness; image focused in front of retina; presbyopia- decreased lens elasticity with age
hyperopia: far-sightedness; image focused behind the retina
astigmatism: irregular corneal curvatures that distort image. |
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Term
| outer/external ear structures |
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Definition
| auricle/pinna, external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of skin covered cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| external auditory canal lined with ceruminous glands (secretes wax) |
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Term
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Definition
| eardrum that vibrates with the same frequency as sound waves that enter canal |
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Term
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Definition
| auditory ossicles, pharyngotympanic tube |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of a tympanic cavity containing auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes. Ossicles amplify and transmit tympanic membrane vibrations to the oval window on the cochlea |
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Term
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Definition
| connects tympanic cavity to nasopharynx; equalizes middle ear pressure with outside air. |
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Term
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Definition
| cochela, vestibule, semicircular canals, membranous labyrinth, |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of a system of bony (osseous) labyrinth filled with the aqueous fluid perilymph |
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Term
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Definition
| cochlea (involved in hearing), vestibule (involved in equilibrium), semicircular canals (involved in equilibrium) |
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Term
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Definition
suspended in the perilymph of the bony labyrinth
consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals (the inside is filled with endolymph) |
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Term
| cochlear duct (scala media) |
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Definition
| filled with endolymph; separates cochlear cavity into upper chamber (scala vestibui) and lower chamber (scala tympani) |
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Term
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Definition
| terminates at oval window with stapes, filled with perilymph |
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Term
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Definition
| terminates at round window; filled with perilymph |
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Term
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Definition
| found within cochlear duct; contains the sensory receptors (hair cells that project to cochlear nerve, part of vestibulocochlear nerve CN. VIII) |
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Term
| organ of corti structures |
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Definition
| basilar membrane, tectorial membrane, vestibular membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| forms the floor of cochlear doubt where hair cells rest |
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Term
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Definition
| contains a gelatinous membrane that stereocilia from hair cells project into |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| how sound is converted to nerve impulses |
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Term
| pathway of sound transduction |
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Definition
| stapes sends vibrations through perilymph of scala vestibuli and scala tympani. These vibrations cause the basilar membrane to move and thus stimulate the hair cells there (sensitivity to specific sound frequencies depends on hair cell location) |
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Term
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Definition
| sounds detected primarily by hair cells at the base of cochlear duct |
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Term
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Definition
| sounds detected primarily by hair cells at the apex of the cochlear duct. |
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Term
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Definition
suspended in perilymph
utricle: detects horizontal acceleration
saccule: detects vertical acceleration |
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Term
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Definition
contains the membranous semicircular ducts; detects angular acceleration
three ducts: anterior, posterior, and lateral |
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Term
| vestibule and semicircular canals |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the utricle and saccule contain hair cells that project stereocilia "hairs" into the otolithic membrane. Movement of the head causes the otolithic membrane to move and stimulate the hair cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| contain hair cells in the crista ampullaris (sensory area) of the ampulla region. Stereocilia of the hair cells in the crista ampullaris are covered by a gelatinous cap (the cupola) that moves when you move (when you move the endolymph 'pushes' against the cupola). As the cupola moves, the hair cells are stimulated and send movement information to the brain. |
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