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| transient aplastic anemia crisis |
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| respiratory syncytial virus |
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| lymphocytic choriomeningitis |
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| trigger specialization to lymphoid stem cells (T and B cells) |
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| Trigger specialization to myeloid cell line |
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| Costimulator with TCR and zeta chains |
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| adds random nucleotides into heavy chain. marker for T and B cell development in lymphoblastic leukemia. N-nucleotide additions |
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| missense mutation in the rag genes. disallows recombination of B and T cell (no B and low amount of T)-->Similar to SCID, but less severe (nonsense) |
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| baby antigen, too small to elicit an immune response |
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| produced by macrophage, increases affinity of integrin on neutrophil during extravasation |
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| -binds to integrin (LFA-3) on APC to keep tight bind to allow for proper antigen presentation and signal transduction |
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| -activates macrophages (makes angry) |
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on APC, binds to CD28 of T-cells to activate
-also calledCD80, CD86 |
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| on T-cell, binds to B7 on B-cells to activate |
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| CD40 on B-cell binds to CD40L on T-cell to initiate class switching |
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| CD4, CD28 (with B7), and IL-1 from macrophages |
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| produced by macrophages to activate T-cells |
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-promote humoral immunity
-produce IL-4, IL-5 to promote class switching
-IL-5 promotes IgA
-produces IL-10 to shutdown Th1 |
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-promotes cell-mediated immunity
-activated by IL-12, IFN gamma
-produces IFN gamma, IL-2
-IFN gamma activates macrophages and shuts down Th2 |
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| -activated by IL-17, does damage during autoimmune diseases |
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| degrades Ab to Fc + Fab, cannot agglutinate |
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| -forms bivalent f(ab')2-can agglutinate antigen |
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-perforin, proteases, apoptosis inducing cytokines
-Fas ligand on T-cell binds to Fas on cells-initiates apoptosis |
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| IL-12, IFN alpha and beta |
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RIPA
Rabies
Influenza
Polio
A Hepatitis |
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Mrr Vapsy
Mumps, Measles
Rota virus
Rubella
Varicella-Zoster
Adenovirus
polio
Small pox
Yellow fever
Don't give to immunocompromised or pregnant
Rota |
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| -failure of 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouch->no thymus or parathyroid->facial abnormality, only IgM because no T-cells |
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immediate, IgE->mast cell degranulation
-mass cells=tissue, basophils=blood, eosinophils=come in later, elicit damage
-primary-already made, histamine, heparin
-secondary- arachidonic acid-prostoglandins and luekotriens
-allergic rhinitis, food allergies, wheal and flare, ashtma, systemic anaphalactic |
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-IgM/IgG bind to tissue, compliment, inflammation, target self-tissue
-graves, type II diabets, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, hemolytic disease of newborn, good pasture syndrome, acute rhamatic fever |
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| Type III hypersensitivity |
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Circulating immune complexes of IgM/IgG and antigen settle in tissue (kidney, lungs, vessels, joints)->complement and inflammation
-systemic lupas erythemtosus, rheumatoid arthritis, poststeptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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delayed->CD4 Th1 activation against self
-PPD test, contact dermatitis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, Guillian-barre, celiac disease |
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-type II, Ab stimulation of TSH->hyperthyroidism->thyrotoxicity
-leading cause of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents |
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| RNA replication in nucleus |
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| asprin taken with orthomyxo or varicella->head and liver |
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-Reo (11), arena (2), bunya (3), orthomyxo (8)
RABO |
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| RSV-children, babies, preemies |
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-measles-oral lesions "grain of sand surrounded by an erythema"->leads to rash from ears down
-rubella is forehead down |
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| subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
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| SSPE- after initial measles infection cleas, slow mental deterioation |
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| cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, photophobia |
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measles 3c's and p-->rash
-coryza=head cold |
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papilloma #s
-wart strains
-cancer strains
-cancer mechanism |
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warts- 6 and 11
cancer- 16 and 18
cancer- virus makes E6 and E7 proteins which interfere with tumor suppressor genes (p53 and Rb) |
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| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
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| PML- JC polymavirus, immunocompromised->CNS and white matter damage, memory loss, poor speech, incoordination |
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| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
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| PML- JC polymavirus, immunocompromised->CNS and white matter damage, memory loss, poor speech, incoordination |
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| epidemic keratoconjuncitivitis |
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| adeno, watery pink eye that can be associated with pharyngitis |
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| acute respirtatory disease |
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adeno, army recruits-->pneumonia
live, non attenuated vaccine given to avoid this |
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TO-toxoplasma
R-rubella
C-cytomegalo
HE-Herpes, HIV
S-syphilus |
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| rubella congenital defects |
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| -cataracts in utero, deafness, CNS, and heart problems |
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| Dengue-severe headache, muscle and joint pain, fever (1st exposure)-->dengue hemmorhagic fever-hemorrhage and shock, especially in children, death in 10% (2nd exposure-increased immune response) |
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| hantavirus pulmonary syndrome |
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| -sin nombre virus, western states, massive pulmonary edema with sever leg pain-->death |
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picorno-polio, coxsackie, echo-->fecal/oral-->invade enteric epithelia-->blood and organs (no gastroenteritis)
-all can cause meningitis, cold, and rashes |
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| -A16 strand of Coxsackie A->fever, oral vesicles, small tender lesions on hands, feet, and butt |
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| human HMV, echo, but mostly corona and rhino |
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Coxsackie B
devil's grip-inctercostal pain/fever |
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norwalk
"can walk"- norwalk, infants-rota virus |
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corona, spread by palm civets and raccoon dogs in china
-fever, dry cough, chest pain, SOB->ARDs->death (8%) |
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detectable intact Hep B virus
(Great Dane=big=B) |
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-cold sores, HSV-1, painful swollen gums, can have fever too
-latency in trigeminal nerve |
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-painful-->painless with scabbing (can resemble syphilus)
-latency in sacral nerve ganglia |
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| -positive test =syncytial cells |
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| HSV1-leading cause in US-temporal lesions |
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| -infects respiratory tract->2 week->blood->spleen/liver->blood->dorsal root ganglia for latency |
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Abs produced by abnormal B-cells, cross react with Paul-Bunnel Ag
positive=EBV
negative=CMV |
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AIDs-RETINITIS, viremia, colitis
Bone marrow-PNEUMONIA, viremia, colotis |
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| abnomal T-cells in EBV trying to get rid of B-cell infection (70% of WBCs) |
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B-cell lymphoma caused by EBV
-in the jaw
-increased in Africa, malaria is co-factor |
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-HHV-6
-respiratory virus, replicates in mononuclear cells
-high high fever, goes away, then rash |
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HHV-8
-turns on VEGF->hyperproliferation of vascular-->nasty red/purple rash |
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| antibacterials avoided during pregnancy |
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FCATS
fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, sulfonamide |
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