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| President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology |
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| During the Vietnam War, the U.S. program of turning over to the South Vietnamese government responsibility for waging the conflict, in order to implement withdrawal of U.S. military personnel |
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| used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the demarcation between democratic and communist countries |
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| formed based on principles of the Mayflower compact and Puritan religious beliefs |
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| Religious movement that swept through Europe and the colonies, led to a rise in evangelical churches in America |
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| period in 17th and 18th centuries when new ideas developed about the rights of people and their relationship with their rulers |
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| This person said all people are free, equal, and have “natural rights”. |
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| pamphlet that challenged the rule of the King of England over the American colonies |
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| prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains |
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| First Continental Congress |
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| the first meeting where all the colonies (ecxept Georgia) worked together to resist British rule |
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| Massachusetts colonial militia who fought in the Revolutionary War |
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| The first battle of the Revolutionary War |
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| reasons loyalists were loyal to England |
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| had economic and cultural ties |
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| diplomat negotiated the alliance treaty with France during Revolutionary war |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| A document established the new government of the U.S. directly after the Revolutionary War (first attempt) |
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| characteristics of the Constitution |
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| share power between national and state governments, protected rights of states, provided for system of orderly change |
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| Autohr of the Bill of Rights and also called the "Father of the Constitution" |
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| Author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights, influenced the US Bill of Rights. |
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| Group that wanted a weak national government & an agricultural economy |
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| Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, ruled in the marbury v. madison case. |
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| The power of the federal courts to declare laws unconstitutional |
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| What lands did America gain because of the War of 1812? |
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-Europe should not colonize any American continents in the future.
-Nations in the Americas are different than those in Europe because they are republics, not monarchies.
-If European powers tried to impose their system on an independent state in the Western hemisphere, it would be considered a threat to the peace and safety of the United States. |
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| this contributed to the spread of the slavery based “cotton kingdom” in the Deep South |
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| it was America’s destiny to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific |
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| The power granted to the President to prevent passage of legislation |
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| economic situation that resulted from reckless speculation that led to bank failures and dissatisfaction with the use of state banks as depositories for public funds |
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| President who did not trust the Bank of the US- believed it was undemocratic and a tool of the Eastern elite |
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| California admitted as a free state, new Southwestern territories from Mexico could decide on their own, in exchange, South gets Fugitive Slave Laws |
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| This called for a two-house legislature in US Congress |
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| Agency that creates monetary policy decisions & controls the supply of money and credit to expand or contract economic growth. |
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| in recognition of the political realignment both within and beyond the U.S. in favor of his brand of conservatism and his faith in free markets |
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| the first female American astronaut. |
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| President who pledged increased support for the American space program. The race to the moon continued through the 1960s. |
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| United States Supreme Court |
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| included women and minorities, such as Sandra Day O’Connor, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Clarence Thomas. |
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• The act outlawed literacy tests.
• Federal registrars were sent to the South to register voters.
• The act resulted in an increase in African American voters.
• President Johnson played an important role in the passage of the act. |
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| The act that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin. |
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| Direct election of Senators |
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| Prohibited the consumption or sale of alcohol in the US (later repealed) |
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| Participants were inspired by the “I Have a Dream” speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislation. |
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| Challenged segregation in the South through a series of court cases |
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| Brown V. Board of Education |
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| Supreme Court decision that segregated schools are unequal and must desegregate |
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| This person challenged moral legitimacy of the Soviet Union, for example, in a speech at the Berlin Wall (“Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”) |
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| Gorbachev’s glasnost and perestroika |
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| openness and economic restructuring (in reference to changing the the Soviet ) |
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| Reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union |
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•Increasing Soviet military expenses to compete with the United States
•Rising nationalism in Soviet republics
•Fast-paced reforms—market economy
•Economic inefficiency |
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| This person was assassinated in 1963 in Dallas, Texas, in an event that shook the nation’s confidence and began a period of internal strife and divisiveness |
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| Who said “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty.” |
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| The heavy military expenditures throughout the _______________ benefited Virginia’s economy proportionately more than any other state, especially in Hampton Roads, home to several large naval and air bases, |
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| played on American fears of communism by recklessly accusing many American governmental officials and other citizens of being communists, based on flimsy or no evidence |
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| Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg |
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| convicted of spying for the Soviet Union and the construction of nuclear weapons by the Soviets, using technical secrets obtained through spying, increased domestic fears of communism. |
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| an attempt to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. The invasion . |
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| formed as a defensive alliance among the United States and western European countries to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. |
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| formed near the end of World War II to create a body for the nations of the world to try to prevent future global wars. |
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| A massive financial aid to rebuild European economies and prevent the spread of communism. |
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| Following defeat, this Pacific country was occupied by American forces. It soon adopted a democratic form of government, resumed self-government, and became a strong ally of the United States. |
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| The end of World War II found Soviet forces occupying most of Eastern and Central Europe and the eastern portion of this country. |
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| Why were Japanese placed in internment camps? |
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•Strong anti-Japanese prejudice on the West Coast
•False belief that Japanese Americans were aiding the enemy |
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| This was used to maintain supply of essential products to the war effort and front lines. |
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| - Nazi leaders and others were convicted of war crimes. - emphasized individual responsibility for actions during a war, regardless of orders received. -led to increased demand for a Jewish homeland. |
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| Victims of the Nazi holocaust |
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•Jews
•Poles
•Slavs
•Gypsies
•“Undesirables” |
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| Germany’s decision to exterminate all Jews |
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| American POWs suffered brutal treatment by the Japanese after surrender of the Philippines. |
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| attempted to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners of war by establishing rules to be followed by all nations. |
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| Communication codes of this native group were used (oral, not written language; impossible for the Japanese to break). |
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| German forces threatening to seize Egypt and the Suez Canal were defeated by the British. |
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| Following Pearl Harbor, this country invaded the Philippines and Indonesia and planned to invade both Australia and Hawaii. |
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| Defeat Hitler First strategy |
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| strategy where most American military resources were targeted for Europe. |
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| The 2 candidates for the U.S. Senate in Illinois in 1858 who participated in a series of debates? |
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| Who said: “Its like lending a garden hose to a next-door neighbor whose house is on fire.” about the Lend-Lease Act? |
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| Act that gave the president authority to sell or lend equipment to countries to defend themselves against the Axis powers. |
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| New Deal program that offered safeguards for workers and provided unemployment assistance |
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| FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.) |
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| New Deal program that corrected unsound banking and investment practices and insured people's deposits in the bank |
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| This program created during the Great Depression changed the role of the government to a more active participant in solving problems |
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| Impact of the Great Depression |
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•Unemployment and homelessness
•Collapse of the financial system (bank closings)
•Decline in demand for goods |
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| Causes of the Great Depression |
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Definition
-collapse of stock prices
-buying stock on credit
-ollapse of the nation's banks
-high protective tariffs |
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-Virginia statute of Religious Freedom
-Virginia Declaration of Rights |
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| What two Virginia Documents were cited when creating the Bill of Rights? |
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“Father of the Constitution”
– Madison, a Virginian and a brilliant political philosopher, often led the debate and kept copious notes of the proceedings |
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| • Placated the Southern states by counting slaves as three-fifths of the population when determining representation in the United States House of Representatives |
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| • Balanced power between large and small states by creating a Senate, where each state has two senators, and a House of Representatives, where membership is based on population |
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| Court case which established the court's power of Judicial Review |
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| Established the concept of implied powers in this court case involving the taxation of a Federal bank |
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| won by Thomas Jefferson, was the first American presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one political party to another. |
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| Thomas Jefferson, as president in 1803, purchased the huge track of land from France, which doubled the size of the United States overnight. |
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| • The American victory in this war during the 1840s led to the acquisition of an enormous territory that included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico. |
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| British interference with American shipping and western expansionism fueled the call for a declaration of this war. |
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| Characteristics of the election of Andrew Jackson, "age of the Common Man" |
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-heightened emphasis on equality in the political process for adult white males
-the rise of interest group politics and sectional issues
-a changing style of campaigning
-increased voter participation. |
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| The industrial _________ favored high protective tariffs to protect Northern manufactured goods from foreign competition. |
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| Missouri Compromise (1820) |
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| drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line and allowed below, except that slavery was allowed in Missouri, north of the line. |
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| Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser |
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| Slave revolts in Virginia, led by these two slaves fed white Southerners’ fears about slave rebellions and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slaves |
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| Garrison and The Liberator |
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| increasingly viewed the institution of slavery as a violation of Christian principles and argued for its abolition |
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| Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony |
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| Women associated with the Women's sufferage movement and Seneca Falls Convention |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| issued after the battle of Antietam, freeing the slaves in rebelling terratories. |
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| Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia (he opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force), who urged Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans again, when some Southerners wanted to fight on after Appomattox |
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| That the US was "One nation," not a collection of soverign states. Believed all men are created equal, and the government was created " Of the people, by the people, for the people." |
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| Which two regions emerged after the civil war with strong and growing industrial economies, laying the foundation for the sweeping industrialization of the nation? |
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| Teddy Roosevelt's domestic program was formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection. |
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| Woodrow Wilson's government program he promoted while he was running for president that promoted less government regulations. |
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| Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal trading rights in China. |
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| President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. He promised that the United States would step in if unrest threatened their investments. |
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| Political party led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton, typically believed in a strong national government and commercial economy. |
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| Political party that believed in a weak national government and an agricultural economy. They were supported by farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South. |
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