Term
| phylogentically the vestibular system is what |
|
Definition
| one of the oldest systems |
|
|
Term
| purpose of the vestibular system |
|
Definition
| detect changes in orientation to gravity and return to proper alignment with gravity |
|
|
Term
| what is the adequate stimulus for the vestibular system |
|
Definition
| movement of the head in relation to gravity |
|
|
Term
| when is the vestibular system active? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the vestibular system is activated in 2 different situation |
|
Definition
| continuous to detect pull of gravity, upon initiation and cessation of all head movements |
|
|
Term
| information from the vestibular system has diffuse connections to what (7) |
|
Definition
| cranial nerves, cerebellum, spinal motor neurons, autonomic nervous system, brain stem motor nuclei, cerebral cortex, reticular formation |
|
|
Term
| what bone is the vestibular system located in? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| temporal bone forms the walls of what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| bony labyrinth encases what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the membranous labyrinth is made up of what 2 things |
|
Definition
| otolith organs, kinetic system |
|
|
Term
| the kinetic system is made up of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes up the otolith organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fluid that lies between bony and membranous labyrinth |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| innervation of the vestibular system |
|
Definition
| vestibular division of teh vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the static labyrinth |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the utricle responds to what movements |
|
Definition
| right/left, anterior/posterior |
|
|
Term
| the saccule responds to what movements |
|
Definition
| upward/downward movements |
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: hair cells are embedded in walls of supporting cells of each otolithic organ in an area called what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: the hair cells are arranged as _____, a tuft of hair cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: the stereocilia have a single ______, a prominent cilum located at one end of each stereocilia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: hair cells are embedded in a gelatinous membrane called what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: calcium deposits, called _______, lay on the otolithic membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: what is the role of the otoconia? |
|
Definition
| makes the otolithic membrane slide in the presence of gravity as endolymph pushes against it |
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: as otoconia move what happens |
|
Definition
| hair cells are bent/flopped over, sending neuronal messages |
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: why are otolith organs continuously firing |
|
Definition
| due to the pull of gravity |
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: when the head experiences linear movement that bends hair cells away from the kinocilium, what happens to the firing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: when the head experiences linear movement that bends hair cells toward the kinocelium, what happens to the firing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: macula in the utricle is ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: macula in the saccule is ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: together the saccule and utricle respond to what movement in all planes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| static labyrinth: the result of stimulation of the otolith organs, either toward or away from the kinocilum, is what? |
|
Definition
| an increase in extensor and postural muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: how many semicircular canals are tehre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: what are the 6 semicircular canals |
|
Definition
| horizontal (2), anterior (2), posterior (2) |
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: how many ampullas are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: ridge of tissue consisting of supporting cells and receptor cells (hair cells) located within each ampulla |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: tuft of hair cells contained in each cristae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: gelationous flap into which sterocilia project |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: single prominent cilia (hair cell) located at one end of each stereocilia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: what flows freely through the canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: inertia of the endolymph causes what to bend? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: inertia of the endolymph causes the cupula to bend, pressing on what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: movement of teh stereocilia toward the kinocilia causes what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: momvement of the stereocilia away from the kinocilia causes what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: if movement continues, eventually the endolymph catches up and what happens? |
|
Definition
| stereocilia return to upright |
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: can detect angle and changes in speed, but do not detect maintained ______ because stereocilia return to upright |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: when movement ceases, there is a momentary _____ in firing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: when movement ceases, endolymph movement _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: when movement ceases, endolymph movement continues, however, followed by what? |
|
Definition
| movement in the opposite direction |
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: when movement ceases, endolymph movement continues, followed by movement in the opposite direction, and bending of stereocilia how? |
|
Definition
| in the opposite direction |
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: when movement ceases, endolymph movement continues, followed by movement in the opposite direction and bending of stereocilia i the opposite direction. This is referred to as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are semicircular canals oriented? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: anterior semicircular canals detect movement in what direction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: posterior semicircular canals detect movement in which direction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: lateral(horizontal) semicircular canals detect what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: lateral (horizontal) semicircular canals detect rotation about what axis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: implications of functional pairs: movement and firing |
|
Definition
| movement in one direction, excites one canal and inhibits another |
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: rotation is detected by which semicircular canals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: anterior right and posterior left semicircular canals detect what movement |
|
Definition
| anterolateral to right, posterolateral to left |
|
|
Term
| kinetic labyrinth: anterior left and posterior right semicircular canals detect movemetn in which direction |
|
Definition
| anterolateral to left, posterolateral to right |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: primary fiber (first order neuron) cell body location |
|
Definition
| Vestibular (scarpa's) ganglion |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: Where is the Vestibular (scarpa's ganglion) located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 1st order neurons: Where do the peripheral processes synapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 1st order neurons: Where do the central processes project? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 1st order neurons: central processes comprise what? |
|
Definition
| vestibular division of CN VIII |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 1st order neurons: Central processes enter the brainstem where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 1st order neurons: After entering the brain stem, where do SOME central processes go? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 1st order neurons: After entering the brain stem, where do SOME central processes go within the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
| flocculonodular lobe or archicerebellum |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 1st order neurons: After entering the brain stem, how do the fibers get to the flocculonodular lobe/archicerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the juxtarestiform body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 1st order neurons: After entering the brain stem, where do MOST central processes synapse? |
|
Definition
| synapse in vestibular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Some information from the cerebellum also goes to vestibular nuclei, thus the nuclei are _____ centeres for cerebellar and vestibular input |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many vestibular nuclei are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the vestibular nuclei? |
|
Definition
| Lateral (2), Superior (2), Inferior (2), Medial (2) |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 2nd order neurons: Travel in what? |
|
Definition
| medial longitudinal fasciculus |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 2nd order neurons: travel in which directions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 2nd order neurons: ascend and descend the brain stem to what? (3) |
|
Definition
| various CN nuclei and cortex, and SC |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: What are the 2 descending pathways? |
|
Definition
| lateral vestibulospinal tract, medial vestibulospinal tract |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: Where does it originate? |
|
Definition
| lateral vestibular nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: The lateral vestibular nuclei recieves afferents from what |
|
Definition
| cerebellum and vestibular hair cells |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: descends how through the brain stem into the Spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: terminates how on spinal cord interneurons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: terminates ipsilaterally on spinal cord interneurons in which horn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: terminates ipsilaterally on spinal cord interneurons in ventral horn _____ matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: terminates ispilaterally on spinal cord interneurons in ventral horn gray matter which then synapse on what? |
|
Definition
| alpha/lower motor neurons |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: function: principle route for what |
|
Definition
| how vestibular system brings about postural changes |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: function: principle route by which the vestibular system brings about postural changes by facilitaiton of _______ muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Lateral Vestibulospinal tract: of prime importance in regulating muscle tone so that what is maintained? |
|
Definition
| balance, such as increased extensor tone when falling |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: originates where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: originates in medial vestibular nuclei, recieves afferents from where |
|
Definition
| cerebellum and vestibular hair cells |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: descends bilaterally through what |
|
Definition
| brain stem into Spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: descends bilaterally through the brain stem into the spinal cord in a tract known as what? |
|
Definition
| medial longitduinal fasciulus |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: descends through the Medial longitudinal fasiculus as far caudally as whT? |
|
Definition
| lower cervical upper thoracic levels |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: terminates ____ on spinal cord interneurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: terminates bilaterally on spinal cord interneurons in which horn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: terminates bilaterally on spinal cord interneurons in ventral horn _____ matter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: terminates bilaterally on spinal cord interneurons in ventral horn gray matter which then synapse on what |
|
Definition
| alpha/lower motor neurons |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: terminates bilaterally on spinal cord interneurons in ventral horn gray matter which then synapse on alpha/lower motor neurons that ultimately terminate where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: function |
|
Definition
| provides for changes in tone of neck muscle to increase head support as needed |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Descending Pathways: Medial Vestibulospinal tract: when would this tract kick in? |
|
Definition
| increase tone (stiffness) in our necks when on amusement park rides |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: How many are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: What are the 5 pathways? |
|
Definition
| medial longitudinal fasciculus, cerebellar, reticular formation, thalamus, cortex |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: fibers that comprise MLF arise from what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: fibers that comprise the ascending medial longitudinal fasciculus PRIMARILY arise from which vestibular nuclei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: fibers project how? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: fibers project bilaterally to what type of nuclei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: fibers project bilaterally to which motor nuclei? (CN ___ = 0 pts) |
|
Definition
| Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: functions |
|
Definition
| conjugate eye movement in conjunctin with head movements |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus: dysfunction results in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cerebellar connections: recieves vestibular information from which side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cerebellar connections: recieves ipsilateral vestibular information directly from which nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cerebellar connections: recieves ipsilateral vestibular information directly from CN VIII via what? |
|
Definition
| juxtarestiform body of inferior cerebellar peduncle |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cerebellar connections: information from vestibular nuclei also travel through which juxtarestiform body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cerebellar connections: information from vestibular nuclei also travel through the ipsilateral _______ _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cerebellar connections: information from either vestibular nuclei ore juxtarestiform body travels to what? |
|
Definition
| ipsilateral flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum, bilateral fastigial nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Reticular formation connections: exact tracts are unknown, however appears to be collateral branches of what fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Reticular formation connections: exact tracts unknown, appears to be collateral branches of efferent fibers from what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Reticular formation connections: exact tracts unknown, appears to be collateral branches of efferent fibers from vestibular nuceli that terminate where? |
|
Definition
| visceral centers of teh reticular formation |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Reticular formation connections: responsible for what? |
|
Definition
| autonomic responses to vestibular activity (sweating, nausea) |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Thalamus connections: exact is unknown, fibers travels how to several areas of the thalamus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Thalamus connections: role of the thalamus simply? |
|
Definition
| integrate vestibular sensory information with all other sensory input. (is my car moving or theirs?) |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Thalamus connections: Where does integration occur? |
|
Definition
| many levels, thalamus is but one |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cortex connections: what receives some vestibular input? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cortex connections: which cortices recieve vestibular input? |
|
Definition
| somatosensory, visual, temporal cortices |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cortex connections: Which population in particular relies on vesitubular input to determine up from down? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cortex connections: the input recieved may play a role in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cortex connections: the input recieved may be related to what (3) |
|
Definition
| learning disabilities, autism, spatial agnosia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of knowledge of spatial orientation |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cortex connections: may be critical in understanding what? (3) |
|
Definition
| visual input, orientation in space, other sensory input (eg proprioception) |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cortex connections: children and sensation association example |
|
Definition
| feelings of movement of muscles and joints with visual changes and vestibular changes as the crawl through space, and tactile input when they bump into things |
|
|
Term
| Kinetic Labyrinth: 3rd order neurons: Ascending Pathways: Cortex connections: When children learn to associate feelings of movement of muscles and joints with visual changes and vestibular changes as well as tactile input, these help to develop what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: how many are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: what are the 4 other inputs INTO the vestibular system? |
|
Definition
| cerebellum, midbrain nuclei, spinal cord, efferent vestibular fibers |
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: midbrain nuclei are involved in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: what is the name of the mdibrain nuclei involved in CN III coordination? |
|
Definition
| accessory oculomotor nucleus (Edinger westphal nucleus) |
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: Spinal Cord: sends general sensory information back to vestibular nuclei via what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: efferent vestibular fibers: these fibers project from vestibular nuclei to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: these fibers are a probable pathway for what? |
|
Definition
| suppression of vestibular information |
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: excessive input from the labyrinths to vestibular nuclei is reduced to some extent by feed back through what? |
|
Definition
| efferent fibers in the vestibular nerve |
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: efferent vestibular nerves inhibit what from firing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other inputs INTO vestibular system: efferent vestibular fibers inhibit hair cell firing when there is excessive vestibular input. What is an example of this? |
|
Definition
| first roller coaster ride is torture, after a few rides you seem to inhibit input |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular system function automatically to do what |
|
Definition
| keep us uprigth and oriented in space |
|
|
Term
| Protective extension: semicircular canals are suddenly stimulated which results in what regarding extensors |
|
Definition
| reflex contraction of extensors on the side which the fall is occuring |
|
|
Term
| Protective extension: semicircular canals are suddenly stimulated which results in what regarding the eyes? |
|
Definition
| conjugate eye movements in the direction opposite to the fall, for visual fixation |
|
|
Term
| Protective extension: semicircular canals are suddenly stimulated which results in what regarding the head? |
|
Definition
| righting reactions to keep the head in "normal" position relative to gravity |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of head righting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many types of head righting are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vestibular receptors are involved in labyrinthine righting? |
|
Definition
| kinetic and static vestiublar receptors |
|
|
Term
| Labyrinthine righting brings the head to "normal" relative to gravity which in turn stimulates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe head right acting on the body |
|
Definition
| head "rights" itself and the shoulders follow |
|
|
Term
| describe body on body righting |
|
Definition
| as the shoulders follow the head, thoracic and lumbar proprioceptors are stimulated, and the rest of teh body seeks appropriate alignment |
|
|
Term
| What is stimulated as the shoulders follow the head in body on body righting? |
|
Definition
| thoracic and lumbar proprioceptors |
|
|
Term
| when does the tonic labyrinthine reflex appear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what mediates the tonic labyrinthine reflex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tonic labyrinthine prone reflex results in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tonic labyrinthine supine reflex results in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibulo-ocular reflex aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of nystagmus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is nystagmus measured? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nystagmus provides information as to what? |
|
Definition
| sensitivity of the vestibular system |
|
|
Term
| Caloric testing to produce nystagmus: cold water, which way will nystagmus be produced? |
|
Definition
| nystagmus toward the opposite side |
|
|
Term
| Caloric testing: Warm water, which directoin will the nystagmus be to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| perception of rotation in the absence of movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 types of vertigo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person feels like they are moving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| person feels the room is moving |
|
|
